the aggregate national level, the share of electricity generated by independent (non-integrated) power producers (IPPs) increased from less than 2 per cent as recently as 1997 to 42 per cent by 2020. But the share of generation specifically from non-hydro renewables that is controlled by these independents is much, much higher – reaching 80 per cent in 2020.21 And, to one degree or another, what is true of the US is also true elsewhere.
