Against dualism in all its forms, Christianity affirms that there is a summum bonum, a “supreme good”—namely, God himself—but there is and can be no summum malum. Evil is not coeternal with God. In the beginning there was only God: all the things that exist are his creation, whether in heaven or on earth, whether spiritual or physical, and so in their basic “thusness” they are all of them good.
