In 2011, the writer and Internet activist Eli Pariser published his book The Filter Bubble, describing how algorithmic recommendations and other digital communication routes can silo Internet users into encountering only ideologies that match their own. The concept of filter bubbles has been debated over the decade since then, particularly in the context of political news media. Some evaluations, like Axel Bruns’s 2019 book Are Filter Bubbles Real?, have concluded that their effects are limited. Other scientific studies, like a 2016 investigation of filter bubbles in Public Opinion Quarterly,
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