The first Apple computer was such a game-changing technology. Before the Apple, only university professors and graduate students at large universities had access to the bulky mainframe or minicomputers operated by specialists to whom computational requests, such as statistical analyses of data, were submitted. The high cost of these computers meant that they had to be shared by hundreds or even thousands of users. A data request could take days to be filled. If the output data revealed a flaw in the original request or an intriguing outcome calling for follow-up analysis, the user had to
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