The aversion to shrinking or simplifying is more than just a matter of personal preference; it is driven by institutional decision-making systems, individual rewards, and culture. For example, no risk-averse department chair can think seriously about cutting courses or degree programs; even if such a proposal could be pushed through the curriculum committee, the only reward to the chair would be ostracism by his or her colleagues. For similar reasons, no athletic director can view dropping a popular sport or moving into a less expensive conference as a good career move, nor can a university
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