the bureaucratic division of organizations has often led to a sealing off of one managerial function from another, executive directors from within and without the business can have great difficulty understanding the roles and jargon even of the other executive functions, let alone the uncertainties of the external environments. They are reluctant to question these at board meetings because they do not want to seem ignorant, and because they want to encourage others not to question them too deeply in return. In doing so they miss the opportunity to rise above the single-function perspective and
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