Inductivism supposes that theories are somehow extracted or distilled from observations, or are justified by them, whereas in fact theories begin as unjustified conjectures in someone’s mind, which typically precede the observations that rule out rival theories.
Theories arrive from the presence of problems, which is an absence of understanding and a desire for it. This may come in the form of an observation, but the theory is not derived from the observation then. It is from the problem that comes from lack of understanding about the observed phenomenon, which leads to conjecture and then criticism of the theory, which might include further observations or a critical experiment as part of that criticism.
