Puppies like to grab our waving arms the same way they grab their playmates: Never let a puppy chew on your arm. If she does, you can try saying “ow!” or “out!” really loud—loud enough to startle her. When she lets go and looks at you, reward her with a treat and then put something more appropriate in her mouth. If “out” works to get her to immediately let go, then it can become her cue word to let go. Lucy doesn’t respond to a sharp, loud “ow.” The sound does not startle her and make her stop and look at me. So I don’t use it with her because it’s just wasted breath and clouds the meaning of
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