There is a voluminous academic debate over the precise definition of technology. In this book we go with a commonsense, everyday definition: the application of scientific knowledge (in the broadest possible sense) to produce tools or practical outcomes. However, the full, multifaceted complexity of the term is also acknowledged. Technology extends back into cultures and practices. It is not just transistors, screens, and keyboards. It is the explicit and tacit knowledge of coders, the social lives and societies that support them.

