To learn, Mr. O'Neill believes, you have to be put in a situation that triggers emotion. That means taking people out of their routines, either physically or mentally. "You don't learn when you're in your comfort zone, when you're sitting at the same desk every day, in the same place, doing the same thing, and everything is predictable," he says. "The learning zone is where there is a manageable amount of discomfort, and emotions are heightened."