UN voted to partition Palestine in November 1947. The decision triggered a civil war that culminated in the Nakba, the mass expulsion and flight of more than 80 percent of Palestinians from the territory that became Israel. In April 1948, several months into the civil war and just days before Passover, the British Mandatory forces governing the country began to withdraw from Haifa. As the British departed, Jewish paramilitary units launched an attack on the Palestinian parts of the city, calling it Operation Bi’ur Chametz, a reference to the ritual purging of bread from Jewish homes before the
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