A router, I knew, was really just a small computer—it used microprocessors, memory, and input-output ports to manage the flow of data over a digital network. Its performance had little to do with the specific microprocessors, memory, and logic chips inside it. After all, everyone in the industry had access to similar chips. The part of the Cisco router that is so hard to duplicate was the software. Well … no, it was the skill embodied in the software that was so hard to duplicate.