Today, there are many academic researchers who look at the computer industry and see a network of relationships, each one a channel whereby one firm coordinates with another. The idea of a network especially enchants modern reductionist sociologists who count connections among people, skipping over the old-fashioned hard-to-quantify questions about content and meaning. However, dwelling on this network of weak relationships confuses the background with the absent foreground. What is actually surprising about the modern computer industry is not the network of relationships but the absence of
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