in Libet 2.0, the work of John-Dylan Haynes and colleagues at Humboldt University in Germany. It was twenty-five years later, with fMRIs available; everything else was the same. Once again, people’s sense of conscious choice came about two hundred milliseconds before the muscles started moving. Most important, the study replicated the conclusion from Libet, fleshing it out further.[*] With fMRI, Haynes was able to spot the which-button decision even farther up in the brain’s chain of command, in the prefrontal cortex (PFC).
