One much-noted study suggested that hunger makes us less forgiving. Specifically, across more than a thousand judicial decisions, the longer it had been since judges had eaten, the less likely they were to grant a prisoner parole. Other studies also show that hunger changes prosocial behavior. “Changes”—decreasing prosociality, as with the judges, or increasing it? It depends. Hunger seems to have different effects on how charitable subjects say they are going to be, versus how charitable they actually are,[*] or where subjects have either only one or multiple chances to be naughty or nice in
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