After the crash in the NASDAQ index in 2000–2001 and the recession that followed, the Federal Reserve tried to offset the collapse in investment by cutting short-term interest rates steadily. From a level of 6½ percent in January 2001, interest rates were brought down to 1 percent by June 2003. Such a low level, unprecedented in the post-1971 era of floating exchange rates, sent a strong signal to the economy.