Unlike earlier “racial orders,” which were marked by clear boundaries between ethnic groups and established racial hierarchies (with whites on top), the changes of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries blurred ethnic and racial boundaries and weakened racial hierarchies. These changes manifested themselves in numerous ways, including growing representation of nonwhites and mixed-raced families on television and movie screens; mounting challenges in classrooms and newsrooms to long-established historical narratives that downplayed or ignored America’s racist past; and declining
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