He found her stoic, smart, devoted, romantic, and wounded. These qualities also belong to the heroines of his three major novels, who, as the scholar Carol H. Smith has noted, “are remarkably alike psychologically.” Brett Ashley in The Sun Also Rises, Catherine Barkley in A Farewell to Arms, and Maria in For Whom the Bell Tolls have all been damaged by life in some fundamental way, and they are all desperate to escape their pasts through love. What’s more, the romances in these books follow the same pattern as Ernest and Hadley’s. The couples meet and immediately fall in love, but the
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Portrayls
