more than half the national income (according to an official German estimate then, 53 per cent),2 they control indirectly almost the whole economic life of the nation. There is, then, scarcely an individual end which is not dependent for its achievement on the action of the state, and the “social scale of values” which guides the state’s action must embrace practically all individual ends. It is not difficult to see what must be the consequences when democracy embarks upon a course of planning
