The problem of human suffering is as old as humanity. It is not difficult to understand why the ungodly suffer, but what about Christ’s own, as in the case of the Smyrna church? The answer to this question is largely bound up in the doctrine of the sovereignty of God. The Bible does help us with these explanations: In some cases, suffering for a child of God may be disciplinary as indicated in God’s dealings with the church at Corinth (1 Cor. 11:30–32; cf. Heb. 12:3–13). Suffering may also be preventive, such as Paul’s thorn in the flesh (2 Cor. 12:7). Through this affliction Paul was kept
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