In Isaiah 31, this change is particularly jarring; that text insists that Jerusalem’s defenders “will all perish together,” yet the very next sentence trumpets that Yahweh himself will help them and will “fight upon Mount Zion.” Yahweh, the text goes on to say, “will protect and deliver” Zion, and the Assyrians “shall flee.”3 (Had Isaiah based his prediction of the Assyrian invasion’s
