The Borgias And Their Enemies: 1431-1519

by Christopher Hibbert

the cardinal’s lawyer, Camillo Beneimbene,

Such a bus lawyer name

principally his election was due to the fact that he had unashamedly bought the votes of many cardinals in a manner that was unprecedented in those times, using not only money but also the promise of his offices and benefices, which were plentiful.

Charles VIII was just twenty-four years old, and he was the “ugliest man” that one observer had ever seen, “in all [his] days—tiny, deformed with the most appalling face that ever man had.”

Eventually Charles VIII was forced to issue an order forbidding his troops from forcibly entering houses on pain of death.

Jofrè also returned to Rome, bringing with him his wife, Sancia.

When Charles VIII invaded Italy, it was not just Naples that suffered. When Piero de’ Medici surrendered the Florentine fortresses to the king without permission from the government, the Signoria, Florence revolted and expelled the Medici, setting up a new government with a new Christian constitution.

Cesare’s personal physician, Gaspar Torella, would gain enough experience of the disease to write a treatise on it, which he dedicated to his patient.

This huge sum came partly, so it was believed, from impositions on the Jews in Rome and partly from the sale of goods confiscated by the pope from his Spanish majordomo, a converted Jew who had been appointed as bishop of Calahorra and had been charged by Alexander VI with heresy.

particularly now his successor to the throne of France had a better claim to Milan than did Ludovico and his brother.