Critical Thinking

Critical thinking is the analysis of facts to form a judgment.[1] The subject is complex, and several different definitions exist, which generally include the rational, skeptical, unbiased analysis, or evaluation of factual evidence. Critical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking.[2] It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem-solving abilities as well as a commitment to overcome native egocentrism[3][4] and sociocentrism.

-Wikipedia

Thinking, Fast and Slow
The Art of Thinking Clearly
Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Don't Know
The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark
Asking the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking
Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About the World – and Why Things Are Better Than You Think
Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions
A Field Guide to Lies: Critical Thinking in the Information Age
Clear Thinking: Turning Ordinary Moments into Extraordinary Results
Calling Bullshit: The Art of Skepticism in a Data-Driven World
The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe: How to Know What's Really Real in a World Increasingly Full of Fake
Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Professional and Personal Life
A Rulebook for Arguments
The 5 Elements of Effective Thinking
Critical Thinking: Your Guide to Effective Argument, Successful Analysis and Independent Study
I think it’s important to reason from first principles rather than by analogy. The normal way we conduct our lives is we reason by analogy. [With analogy] we are doing this because it’s like something else that was done, or it is like what other people are doing. [With first principles] you boil things down to the most fundamental truths…and then reason up from there.
Elon Musk

Charles Darwin
To kill an error is as good a service as, and sometimes even better than, the establishing of a new truth or fact.
Charles Darwin, More Letters of Charles Darwin, Vol 2

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