Pius IX
aliases
Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, Pio Nono
Pope Pius IX (13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti[a], was head of the Catholic Church from 16 June 1846 to his death on 7 February 1878. He was the longest-reigning elected pope in the history of the Catholic Church, serving for over 31 years. During his pontificate, Pius IX convened the First Vatican Council (1869–70), which decreed papal infallibility, but the council was cut short owing to the loss of the Papal States.
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Books with Pius IX
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Het vloekhout
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2018
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Storia del ghetto di Venezia
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1987
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The Origins of the Italian Wars of Independence
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1992
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Two Years in the Pontifical Zouaves: A Narrative of Travel, Residence, and Experience in the Roman States
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1871
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The Roman Theocracy and the Republic 1846-1849
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1901
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Revolutionary Types
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1904
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