Benny Lewis's Blog, page 5
June 14, 2024
French Numbers: Count in French from 1 to 100+ (with Audio)
Do you want to learn French numbers so you’ll never be at a loss about how to count? If you’re looking to get a handle on French numbers of all sorts, I’ve got you covered.
In this article, I explain everything you need to master counting in French. I’ll walk you through both cardinal French numbers (“one, two, three…”) and ordinal French numbers (“first, second, third…”).
I’m an American language lover who learned to speak French as an adult. Whatever your age, you can learn French and have real conversations with a native speaker.
I’ve made friends around the world by speaking French, as well as traveling to France:
This is me in Paris.Counting is an essential skill if you want to have real conversations in French.
So, let’s start with a handy-dandy list of French numbers from one to ten. There will be a few cheat sheets in this article. Scroll down for tables on counting up to 100 and ordinal numbers. I’ve also included a video that will help you with French numbers pronunciation. You can use this video as a French numbers pronunciation guide, and for listening and speaking practice.
function runSplitTest(){var randomNumber = Math.floor(Math.random() * 2) + 1console.log(randomNumber)var copy = "";if (randomNumber == 3){ copy = '<i>A note from the Fluent in 3 Months team before we get started: You can chat away in French for at least 15 minutes with the "Fluent in 3 Months" method. All it takes is 90 days. <b><a href="https://fluentin3months.com/challenge... this link to find out more.</b></a></i>'} else { copy = '<i>Editor's note: Before we get started, if you’re looking for an online French course, here’s the course we recommend: <a href="https://www.fluentin3months.com/olly-... Uncovered - Learn French Through the Power of Story</b></a>, a course with a fascinating new method by Olly Richards. You can try it for free for 7 days!</i>'}console.log(copy)var copyToChange = document.querySelector("p.copyText").innerHTML = copy;}runSplitTest(); Table of contentsFrench Numbers 1-10: How to Count to Ten in FrenchFrench Numbers 1-20 and Pronunciation BasicsFrench for “One”: Un or UneFrench Numbers 1-100: How to Count to 100 in French (with Language Hacks!)French Numbers PronunciationOrdinal Numbers in FrenchWhere Can You Practice Speaking French Numbers?French Numbers 1-10: How to Count to Ten in FrenchLet’s start with the basics. Counting from one to ten in French is relatively simple. The French numbers up to 10 are as follows.
#French Number0Zéro1Un2Deux3Trois4Quatre5Cinq6Six7Sept8Huit9Neuf10DixFrench Numbers 1-20 and Pronunciation BasicsOkay, so you might be wondering how to pronounce 1-10 in French. Let’s go on to 1-20 and learn how to say these with spot-on French pronunciation.
Here’s how to pronounce the numbers 1-20 in French:
1. un (pronounced as “uhn”) 2. deux (pronounced as “deuh”) 3. trois (pronounced as “twah”) 4. quatre (pronounced as “kat”) 5. cinq (pronounced as “sank”) 6. six (pronounced as “sees”) 7. sept (pronounced as “set”) 8. huit (pronounced as “weet”) 9. neuf (pronounced as “nuhf”) 10. dix (pronounced as “dees”) 11. onze (pronounced as “ohnz”) 12. douze (pronounced as “dooz”) 13. treize (pronounced as “trehz”) 14. quatorze (pronounced as “katorz”) 15. quinze (pronounced as “kanz”) 16. seize (pronounced as “sehz”) 17. dix-sept (pronounced as “deez-set”) 18. dix-huit (pronounced as “deez-weet”) 19. dix-neuf (pronounced as “deez-nuhf”) 20. vingt (pronounced as “van”)I’ve got a more detailed pronunciation guide below, so keep reading for more!
French for “One”: Un or Une
Sitting at your favorite Parisian cafe and wanting to order a coffee? Un café, s’il vous plaît will get you properly caffeinated. That’s French for “One coffee, please.”
Later that night, you meet up with some pals for a cold one. Une bière, s’il vous plaît might be useful. It means, “One beer, please.”
Did you notice that there are two versions of “one/a/an” in French? Un is the masculine version and une is the feminine version. To learn more about genders in your target language, read this article by Benny Lewis, founder of Fluent in 3 Months.
French Numbers 1-100: How to Count to 100 in French (with Language Hacks!)Let’s take a look at numbers 1-100 in French. After you’ve reviewed this, I’ll walk you through some hacks for getting them into your long-term memory.
NumberFrenchAudio 1Un
2Deux 3Trois 4Quatre 5Cinq 6Six 7Sept 8Huit 9Neuf 10Dix 11Onze 12Douze 13Treize 14Quatorze 15Quinze 16Seize 17Dix-sept 18Dix-huit 19Dix-neuf 20Vingt 21Vingt et un 22Vingt-deux 23Vingt-trois 24Vingt-quatre 25Vingt-cinq 26Vingt-six 27Vingt-sept 28Vingt-huit 29Vingt-neuf 30Trente 31Trente et un 32Trente-deux 33Trente-trois 34Trente-quatre 35Trente-cinq 36Trente-six 37Trente-sept 38Trente-huit 39Trente-neuf 40Quarante 41Quarante et un 42Quarante-deux 43Quarante-trois 44Quarante-quatre 45Quarante-cinq 46Quarante-six 47Quarante-sept 48Quarante-huit 49Quarante-neuf 50Cinquante 51Cinquante et un 52Cinquante-deux 53Cinquante-trois 54Cinquante-quatre 55Cinquante-cinq 56Cinquante-six 57Cinquante-sept 58Cinquante-huit 59Cinquante-neuf 60Soixante 61Soixante et un 62Soixante-deux 63Soixante-trois 64Soixante-quatre 65Soixante-cinq 66Soixante-six 67Soixante-sept 68Soixante-huit 69Soixante-neuf 70Soixante-dix 71Soixante et onze 72Soixante-douze 73Soixante-treize 74Soixante-quatorze 75Soixante-quinze 76Soixante-seize 77Soixante-dix-sept 78Soixante-dix-huit 79Soixante-dix-neuf 80Quatre-vingts 81Quatre-vingt-un 82Quatre-vingt-deux 83Quatre-vingt-trois 84Quatre-vingt-quatre 85Quatre-vingt-cinq 86Quatre-vingt-six 87Quatre-vingt-sept 88Quatre-vingt-huit 89Quatre-vingt-neuf 90Quatre-vingt-dix 91Quatre-vingt-onze 92Quatre-vingt-douze 93Quatre-vingt-treize 94Quatre-vingt-quatorze 95Quatre-vingt-quinze 96Quatre-vingt-seize 97Quatre-vingt-dix-sept 98Quatre-vingt-dix-huit 99Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf 100Cent As you can see from the table, everything is hunky-dory from one to 69.
Things get a little tricky for 70, 80 & 90. We’ll look at them closely in a moment. Don’t fret. If Napoleon could handle French numbers, you can, too!
1-100 in French. Whew! That’s a whole lotta numbers. Let’s see if we can find some patterns.
Start by learning the numbers for 1-15. This is the foundation for all other numbers: un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix, onze, douze, treize, quatorze, quinze.
Memorize the numbers for the multiples of ten: vingt, trente, quarante, cinquante, soixante, soixante-dix, quatre-vingt, quatre-vingt-dix.
Don’t worry if you’re feeling a bit overwhelmed by numbers in French. I’ve been there too, and I’m here to help!
Mundane memorization can be helped by incorporating movement into the sessions. I still hear splashing water when I count in French. Years ago, I took my flashcards into the shallow end of a pool. I memorized them out loud while hopping from one side of the pool to the other. Hey, whatever floats your boat!
Once you’ve memorized the above, you can fill in the gaps with a simple formula:
For numbers from 16-19, take the rightmost digit and say “dix + (digit)”. E.g. 17 = dix + sept = dix-sept. This is like English: 17 is “seven + ten” i.e. “seventeen”.It’s pretty simple for 21, 31, 41, 51, 61 and 81. You simply add “and one” which is et un. E.G. 51 = “fifty and one” = cinquante-et-un. (The exceptions to this rule are 71 & 91.)The numbers from 22-29, 32-39 and so on get contracted into a single word – so instead of vingt et huit, it’s vingt-huit. You merely add the single number to the tens number.Two easy wins:
zero = zéro: Add a fancy accent and you’ve got this one.100 = cent: Just remember that 100 cents make a dollar.A few tricky numbers to master:
70 = soixante-dix which is “60 + 10”80 = quatre-vingts which is “four 20s”90 = quatre-vingt which is “four 20s + 10”The country of France is where this wacky math comes into play. In Switzerland and Belgium, you can use a simpler version.
70 = septante80 = huitante90 = nonanteFolks in France would be able to understand you if you use those numbers. But what fun is speaking in French without a little Parisian calculation?
Because 70 and 90 are 60 and 80 plus 10, they use teens to express their digits from 71-79 and 91-99. For example, 71 is soixante-et-onze (“60 + 11”) while 95 is quatre-vingt-quinze (“80 + 15”). You can scroll back up to the numbers table to practice.
It sounds complicated but it’s not too bad. Once you run through these a few times, you’ll have a solid grasp on the 70s and 90s. Or rather bell-bottoms and flannel plaid shirts.
And we at Fluent in 3 Months should know how to hack French – we literally wrote the book on it!
What’s the Word in French for 100?We mentioned it earlier but I didn’t want you to miss it. So, here it is again. The word for 100 in French is cent.
Here is an interesting fact. 100 and 1000 (cent and mille) never use the indefinite article (un). Whereas the other larger numbers do. In English, we use the indefinite “a” and “an”. For example, we have a hundred people here. Or we have a thousand people here.
In French, we say, “We have hundred people here.” or “We have thousand people here.” The indefinite article (un) is only omitted when using the numbers cent and mille. When we get to a million, the indefinite article is used again. Let’s look at some examples.
Nous avons cent personnes ici. – “We have hundred people here.”
Nous avons mille personnes ici. – “We have thousand people here.”
Nous avons un million de personnes ici. – “We have a million people here.”
Nous avons un milliard de personnes ici. – “We have a billion people here.”
We’ve covered 1-100 in French, now let’s count 100-1,000! Larger French numbers follow a few simple rules:
For numbers from 100 to 199, use cent followed by the rest of the number:
105 = cent cinq
149 = cent quarante-neuf
181 = cent quatre-vingt-un
For numbers from 200 to 999, you’re going to be happy. They are relatively simple:
200 = deux cents
300 = trois cents
400 = quatre cents
500 = cinq cents
600 = six cents
700 = sept cents
800 = huit cents
900 = neuf cents
To fill in the gaps for the remaining numbers from 200-999, follow the same patterns as 100:
501 = cinq cent un
508 = cinq cent huit
530 = cinq cent trente
531 = cinq cent trente-et-un
565 = cinq cent soixante-cinq
598 = cinq cent quatre-vingt-dix-huit
And now, on to the huge numbers: Counting to 1,000 in French, and even 1,000,000 in French!
Great news! You only need to learn two new words to be able to count to 1,000,000. Those essential words are mille (1,000) and un millon (1,000,000).
The only time you’ll see un mille is in numbers like soixante et un mille (61,000). You need to put an un in this number to differentiate it from soixante mille (60,000). When talking about 1,000 with nothing in the “ten-thousands” column, write mille, with no un.
Forming new numbers with mille and un millon is fairly straightforward. It is best illustrated by example:
1,000 = mille
1,001 = mille et un
1,500 = mille cinq cents
1,766 = sept cent soixante-six
2,001 = deux mille un
40,000 = quarante mille
74,000 = soixante-quatorze mille
100,000 = cent mille
415,297 = quatre cent quinze mille deux cent quatre-vingt-dix-sept
1,000,000 = un million
3,000,000 = trois millions
6,492,000 = six millions quatre cent quatre-vingt-douze mille
8,841,932 = huit millions huit cent quarante et un mille neuf cent trente-deux
When you’re using un million or a million with a noun, you must use de. “One million cats” is un millon de chats. Literally, you’re saying “one million of cats”. That would be one serious cat-lady.
Billions and Trillions in FrenchCounting large numbers in French isn’t too difficult, but there are a few things to watch out for.
1,000,000,000 (one billion) = un milliard
1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion) = un billion
While English uses the French word for million, billion is not a cognate. A cognate is a word that sounds or looks similar to another word in another language. Sometimes this is because they come from the same family. Other times, it’s because the word is borrowed.
Un billion is French is what we call a false friend. It looks exactly the same as our English word but it means something different. Un billion means a trillion in French. With a little practice, you’ll have it down pat in no time.
French Numbers PronunciationHere’s a video I made that will help you pronounce French numbers.
There are two ways to pronounce six “six”, huit “eight”, and dix “ten”.
This bit of information is for intermediate learners. If you’re a beginner, it doesn’t hurt to read this section. Simply let the ideas flow over you for the first time.
The pronunciation of six “six”, huit “eight”, and dix “ten” will depend on the word that follows them in a sentence. Let’s look at a few examples to help you understand the differences.
When Six, Huit or Dix Is the Last Word in the sentenceLet’s start with the easiest pronunciation. This is the one we use when we are simply counting. We also use this pronunciation when the number comes at the very end of a sentence.
Combien de billets avez-vous? – “How many tickets do you have?”
J’en ai six. (“seese”) – “I have six of them.”J’en ai huit. (“weet”) – “I have eight of them.”J’en ai dix. (“deese”) – “I have ten of them.”When Six, Huit or Dix Is Followed by a ConsonantIf six is followed by a word starting with a consonant such as chiens (“dogs”), it will be pronounced “see”. This rule applies to all three numbers.
Six chiens (“see”)Huit chiens (“wee”)Dix chiens (“dee”)When Six, Huit or Dix Is Followed by a VowelIf six or dix is followed by a word starting with a vowel, it will be pronounced with a Z on the end.
Six oranges (seez)Dix oranges (deez)Ordinal Numbers in FrenchLet’s wrap this up with ordinal numbers.
What is an ordinal number? It is a number that explains a noun’s place in a sequence (e.g. the first runner to cross the finish line, the second house on the right).
First things first. Here’s a table to give you the most important ordinal numbers. See if any of these words look familiar to you. I bet you’ll see a few words you already know.
EnglishFrançais (M/F)EnglishFrançaisfirstpremier/premièreeleventhonzièmeseconddeuxièmetwelfthdouzièmethirdtroisièmethirteenthtreizièmefourthquatrièmefourteenthquatorzièmefifthcinquièmefifteenthquinzièmesixthsixièmesixteenthseizièmeseventhseptièmeseventeenthdix-septièmeeighthhuitièmeeighteenthdix-huitièmeninthneuvièmenineteenthdix-neuvièmetenthdixièmetwentiethvingtièmeOur second tip: In French, adjectives must agree with the gender of the noun it is describing. I have some wonderful news for you! Most ordinal numbers can be used for both masculine and feminine words.
The important exception is first. It’s première for feminine nouns and premier for masculine nouns.
And third but not least, word order for ordinal numbers is similar to English. The ordinal number comes before the word. The majority of adjectives come after the noun in French. So, this is a little freebie for anglophones.
the first dog = le premier chien
the brown dog = le chien brun
the fifth house = la cinquième maison
the clean house = la maison propre
[IMG: Montreal]
Learning French helped Benny navigate Montreal, Canada with ease, even meeting Jodi, his blogger friend!
The best part of learning French (including French numbers) is having real conversations in French. If you'd like to do this, you can join me (and the other Fluent in 3 Months language coaches) in the Fluent in 3 Months Bootcamp.
We'll help you find what it takes to master your French numbers. And you'll have a 15-minute conversation in French after just 90 days of learning. Join Bootcamp here: Yes! I want to have real conversations in French in just 90 days.
Where Can You Practice Speaking French Numbers?The best part of learning French (including French numbers) is having real conversations in French. If you’d like to do this, you can join me (and the other Fluent in 3 Months language coaches) in the Fluent in 3 Months Bootcamp.
We’ll help you find what it takes to master your French numbers. And you’ll have a 15-minute conversation in French after just 90 days of learning.
The Napoleon of French Numbers – That’s you!So, there you have it. You now know how to count from one to infinity in French.
I recommend watching the pronunciation video a few times and repeating the phrases. And don’t forget to habit stack while you’re doing it. Pronunciation videos pair well with mindless tasks like walking or menial chores.
And if the numbers seem too difficult to you, I want to point you towards some French-learning inspiration stories. Check out the Language Hacking podcast, especially episodes like Melanie’s about how she learnt French with her seven children. You will get a lot of great tips on learning to speak French in real conversations:
I hope you enjoyed this article. Á bientôt ! (“See you soon!”)
Original article by Elizabeth Bruckner. Last updated by the Fluent in 3 Months team February 19th 2024.
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June 10, 2024
French Reflexive Verbs [With Conjugations, Vocab Lists, & Audio]
Think of French reflexive verbs as they are related to the word “reflect.” They describe actions that you do to yourself (in technical terms, that reflect back on the subject). These are things like getting dressed, brushing your hair, or introducing yourself.
For example, je me brosse les cheveux means “I brush my hair.” The reflexive verb here is se brosser, conjugated for je. If I say je brosse les cheveux, it means “I brush the hair” — not my own hair. So this phrase doesn’t sound quite right.
Not all French verbs are reflexive verbs, but a handful of them are.
Both beginners and advanced learners need to be familiar as they often come up in everyday speech and writing. Imagine — even saying your name in French is with a reflexive verb. Je m’appelle Yaren is how I’d say “my name is Yaren” but its literal translation is “I call myself Yaren!”
function runSplitTest(){var randomNumber = Math.floor(Math.random() * 2) + 1console.log(randomNumber)var copy = "";if (randomNumber == 3){ copy = '<i>A note from the Fluent in 3 Months team before we get started: You can chat away in French for at least 15 minutes with the "Fluent in 3 Months" method. All it takes is 90 days. <b><a href="https://fluentin3months.com/challenge... this link to find out more.</b></a></i>'} else { copy = '<i>Editor's note: Before we get started, if you’re looking for an online French course, here’s the course we recommend: <a href="https://www.fluentin3months.com/olly-... Uncovered - Learn French Through the Power of Story</b></a>, a course with a fascinating new method by Olly Richards. You can try it for free for 7 days!</i>'}console.log(copy)var copyToChange = document.querySelector("p.copyText").innerHTML = copy;}runSplitTest();French Reflexive Verbs: Vocabulary ListLet’s start with a vocabulary list, covering the most common French reflexive verbs that will come up later in the article:
EnglishFrenchAudio“to get up”se lever “to brush” se brosser “to get dressed”s’habiller “to wash up” se laver “to take a shower”se doucher “to wake up”se réveiller “to put on makeup”se maquiller “to go to bed”se coucher “to shave”se raser “to get prepared”se préparer “to relax”se détendre “to hurry”se dépêcher What are Reflexive Verbs and How Do You Use Them?Reflexive verbs are the verbs that reflect the action back on the subject, with the help of reflexive pronouns.
For example, lever means “to lift.” With a reflexive pronoun, se lever will have a different meaning, “to get up.” Similarly, laver means “to wash something.” Se laver is “to wash oneself.”
The reflexive verbs have two parts: the verb itself and a reflexive pronoun, one of the types of French pronouns. To decide which reflexive pronoun to use, we should look at the subject who’s performing the action. For example, if I’m the one who’s getting up, I’d say je me lève. If I’m talking about someone who’s getting up, I’d say il se lève or elle se lève.
The infinitive form of the verb to get up is “se lever.” To conjugate, we need to choose the right pronoun for each subject. Here are the reflexive pronouns in French:
me/m’ (“me, myself”)te/t’ (“you, yourself,” singular informal)se/s’ (“he, himself; her, herself; it, itself; one, oneself; us, ourselves” – when used with on instead of nous)nous (“us, ourselves”)vous (“you, yourself,” plural/singular formal)se/s’ (“them, themselves”)When followed by a vowel, me, te, and se become m’ t’ and s’. Think of je m’appelle, tu t’appelles, or elle s’appelle. While a lot of words have a reflexive and non-reflexive form, such as lever (“to lift”) and se lever (“to get up”), some verbs are only used in their reflexive forms. For example, se moquer means “to make fun of someone.” It’s not really common to say moquer. We’ll get to this later!
Example Sentences with Everyday Reflexive VerbsWe’ve already covered se lever (“to get up”), s’appeler (“to be called”), and se laver (“to wash”), all part of daily French vocabulary. Here are some example sentences with common reflexive verbs:
VerbEnglish SentenceFrench SentenceAudioSe lever (“to get up”)“I wake up early to go to work.”Je me lève tôt pour aller au travail. Se brosser les dents (“to brush your teeth”)“He brushes his teeth twice a day.”Il se brosse les dents deux fois par jour. S’habiller (“to get dressed”)“You always dress well.”Tu t'habilles toujours bien. Se laver les mains (“to wash one’s hands”)“I wash my hands before eating.”Je me lave les mains avant de manger. Se coucher (“to go to bed”)“We usually go to bed around 10 pm.” (In French, nous and on both mean “we.” On is more common in daily life.Nous nous couchons généralement vers 22 heures / On se couche généralement vers 22 heures. Se réveiller (“to wake up”)“She often wakes up during the night.”Elle se réveille souvent pendant la nuit. Se maquiller (“to put on makeup”)“They always put on makeup before going out.”Elles se maquillent toujours avant de sortir. Se doucher (“to take a shower”)“You take a shower after the gym.”Tu te douches après la gym. Se préparer (“to get prepared”)“They get ready an hour in advance.”Ils se préparent une heure à l'avance. Se détendre (“to relax”)“I relax by reading a good book.”Je me détends en lisant un bon livre. Se dépêcher (“to hurry”)“Can you hurry, please?”Tu te dépêches, s'il te plaît? These are just a few examples of the many reflexive verbs used in everyday French. As you can see, they cover a wide range of common actions, from hygiene to daily routines, and from habits to personal preferences.
Reflexive Verbs in Different TensesMastering French word order can take a while. And with reflexive verbs, you should also consider where the pronoun goes in the sentence. Let’s take a look at how reflexive verbs are conjugated in various tenses. If you haven’t covered the other tenses yet, feel free to just practice the present tense and come back to this article when you’re ready!
Present Tense: Choose the right reflexive pronoun and conjugate the verb as it would normally be conjugated.
Tu te lèves. “You get up.”Il se brosse les dents. “He brushes his teeth.”Past Tense – Passé Composé: With reflexive verbs, we should always use être in passé composé, no matter if the non-reflexive version of the verb uses avoir. The conjugated version of être comes between the pronoun and the verb, which must be in the past participle of the verb.
Je me suis levé tôt. “I got up early.”On s’est habillés rapidement. “We got dressed quickly.”Vous vous êtes maquillées pour la soirée. “You put on makeup for the evening.”Imperfect Tense: We conjugate the verb in the imperfect tense, imparfait. The pronoun stays as it is.
Tu te couchais tard. “You used to go to bed late.”Ils s’habillaient bien. “They used to dress well.”Future Tense: We conjugate the verb in the future tense, le futur simple. The pronoun stays as it is.
Je me réveillerai à 7 heures demain. “I will wake up at 7 o’clock tomorrow.”Elle se maquillera avant la cérémonie. “She will put on makeup before the ceremony.”Conditional Tense: We conjugate the verb in the future tense, le futur simple. The pronoun stays as it is.
Je me lèverais plus tôt si j’avais des cours. “I would get up earlier if I had lessons.”Je m’habillerais différemment si je savais qu’on allait au sport. “I would dress differently if I knew we were going to do sports.”Useful Expressions with Reflexive VerbsFrench is not short of expressions and idioms — and sometimes, they include reflexive verbs. Let’s take a look at some common expressions with reflexive verbs. Besides the classic je me lève and je m’habille, these expressions will make your French vocabulary more elaborate.
French VerbExample Sentence (English)Example Sentence (French)AudioSe moquer de (to make fun of)“They make fun of me because I'm short.”Ils se moquent de moi parce que je suis petit. S'en aller (to leave, to go away)“I’m leaving, I have an appointment.”Je m'en vais, j'ai un rendez-vous. Se taire (to be quiet)“I’ll be quiet, we’re in the library.”Je vais me taire, on est dans la bibliothèque. Se rendre compte que (to realize)“She realized that she forgot her keys.”Elle s’est rendue compte qu’elle avait oublié ses clés. Se souvenir de (to remember)“We remember our first trip to Paris.”On se souvient de notre premier voyage à Paris. Se passer de (to do without, to manage without)“I can do without dessert tonight.”Je peux me passer de dessert ce soir. S'y connaître (to be knowledgeable about, to be an expert in)“You know about French wine.”Vous vous y connaissez en vins français. Se tromper (to make a mistake)“Sorry, I made a mistake.”Désolé je me suis trompé. S'occuper de (to take care of)“I take care of my mother.”Je m'occupe de ma mère. S'habituer à (to get used to)“She got used to her new life.”Elle s'est habituée à sa nouvelle vie. Negative Reflexive VerbsQuick recap: to make a sentence negative in French, we need the words ne and pas. Example: je ne marche pas, “I don’t walk.” With reflexive verbs, French negation follows a similar structure: ne + reflexive pronoun + verb + pas.
Here are some examples:
Je ne me souviens pas de notre voyage à Paris. “I don’t remember our Paris trip.”Il ne se lève pas tôt. “He doesn’t wake up early.”With passé composé, it’s slightly different. The structure is: ne + reflexive pronoun + être + pas + past participle. It may sound a bit complicated, but think of it as “there can only be one verb between ne and pas.” Here are some examples that will make it clearer:
Je ne me suis pas réveillé tard. “I didn’t wake up late.”Tu ne t’es pas rasé ce matin. “You didn’t shave this morning.”With Some Practice, You’ll Soon Master Reflexive VerbsWhen studying reflexive verbs, look for common patterns. Many verbs follow similar patterns with the regular verbs — se laver is conjugated the same way as laver, a first-group regular verb, for example.
The more you watch French movies, listen to French songs, and immerse yourself in the language, the easier it will be to know when to use reflexive verbs and how to conjugate them. Practice makes perfect may be cliché advice, but in this context, it’s true!
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June 3, 2024
How to Say “Good Afternoon” in French
“Good afternoon” in French is bon après-midi, where bon means “good,” and après-midi means “afternoon”.
But bon après-midi isn’t a greeting phrase, it’s a goodbye phrase, similar to the English “have a good afternoon.”
If you’re greeting someone in the afternoon, you would most likely say bonjour or salut; both mean “hello.”
As a French learner, you probably know that the language varies in France, Switzerland, Canada, and Belgium. As a fluent speaker who has lived in France and Belgium, I can confirm that even the numbers change from country to country.
The same goes with bon après-midi, especially in French French and Canadian French. In this article, we’ll cover country-specific ways of saying “good afternoon,” example sentences, and formal and informal variations.
function runSplitTest(){var randomNumber = Math.floor(Math.random() * 2) + 1console.log(randomNumber)var copy = "";if (randomNumber == 3){ copy = '<i>A note from the Fluent in 3 Months team before we get started: You can chat away in French for at least 15 minutes with the "Fluent in 3 Months" method. All it takes is 90 days. <b><a href="https://fluentin3months.com/challenge... this link to find out more.</b></a></i>'} else { copy = '<i>Editor's note: Before we get started, if you’re looking for an online French course, here’s the course we recommend: <a href="https://www.fluentin3months.com/olly-... Uncovered - Learn French Through the Power of Story</b></a>, a course with a fascinating new method by Olly Richards. You can try it for free for 7 days!</i>'}console.log(copy)var copyToChange = document.querySelector("p.copyText").innerHTML = copy;}runSplitTest();Table of contentsGood Afternoon in FrenchBon après-midi vs. Bonne après-midi: What’s the Difference?How to Say Good Afternoon as a Greeting in FrenchHow to Say Good Afternoon as a Parting in FrenchFormal vs Informal Good Afternoon in FrenchGood Afternoon in Canadian FrenchOther French Greetings and Partings for the AfternoonExample Phrases with Good Afternoon in FrenchYou Took One More Step in Becoming Fluent in FrenchGood Afternoon in FrenchHere’s the French vocabulary you’ll learn in this article, which are the main ways of saying “good afternoon” in French:
English French Audio “Good afternoon” Bon après-midi “Good afternoon” Bonne après-midi “Good afternoon” (informal) Bon aprèm “Hello!” (greeting in the afternoon) Bonjour “Have a nice afternoon” (informal) Passe un bon après-midi “Have a nice afternoon” (formal/plural) Passez un bon après-midi
Bon après-midi vs. Bonne après-midi: What’s the Difference?Both bon après-midi and bonne après-midi mean “good afternoon,” and there is no difference between them. Bon is the masculine version of the adjective “good,” and bonne is the feminine version.
According to Larousse French Dictionary, après-midi is an invariable word which can be used as masculine and feminine. This means both versions of “good afternoon” in French are correct. That said, the masculine version is more common, so you’ll hear and see bon après-midi more often than bonne après-midi.
How to Say Good Afternoon as a Greeting in FrenchIf you want to greet people in the afternoon, bonjour is the most common way to do so. It literally translates to “good day,” and can be used throughout the day, from the morning until the evening hours.
For example, if you stop by a bakery in Paris at 2pm, you would greet the staff with bonjour! Similarly, if you meet a friend for coffee at 4pm, you can also say bonjour! As bonjour is used in both formal and informal situations, you can say it to greet friends, coworkers, service staff, or even strangers you encounter in shops. If you want to use the word “afternoon” with your greeting, you can say Bonjour, j’espère que vous passez un bon après-midi, (“Hello, I hope you’re having a good afternoon”).
How to Say Good Afternoon as a Parting in FrenchThe phrase bon après-midi is often used as a parting phrase in French. It would translate to “have a good afternoon” in English, which means that it’s not commonly used while greeting people.
In informal situations, such as when you’re speaking with friends, it’s also common to say bon aprèm instead of bon après-midi. Let’s take a look at the dialogue below:
Laura: Bonjour, Thomas! Ça va? (“Hi, Thomas! How are you?”)
Thomas: Salut! Ça va, et toi? (“I’m good and you?”)
Laura: Ça va. Je viens de sortir du travail. (“I’m good. I just got out of work.”)
Thomas: Tu as des plans pour le reste de ton après-midi? (“Do you have plans for the rest of your afternoon?”)
Laura: Je vais juste rentrer chez moi et me détendre. Et toi? (“I’ll just go back home and relax. And you?”)
Thomas: Pareil. Bon après-midi, Laura! (“Same for me. Have a good afternoon, Laura!”)
Laura: Passe un bon aprèm! (“Have a good afternoon!”)
As you can see, the two friends greet each other with bonjour and salut, talk about their afternoon plans, and use bon après-midi and bon aprèm as a way to say goodbye in French.
Formal vs Informal Good Afternoon in FrenchYou can use bon après-midi in both formal and informal settings. For a more formal touch, consider adding the person’s title. For example, when you’re leaving a restaurant, you might hear the servers say, bon après-midi, Monsieur (“Have a good afternoon, sir) or bon après-midi, Madame (“have a good afternoon, miss”).
Sometimes, bon après-midi becomes bon aprèm. Aprèm is the short version of après-midi, often used between friends as we covered in the dialogue above.
Good Afternoon in Canadian FrenchIn Québec, some French speakers use the phrase bon après-midi to specifically mean “good afternoon” as a greeting, similar to English. They also say bon matin, meaning “good morning.”
For example, if you visit a shop in Montreal at 3pm, the shopkeeper might greet you with a “bon après-midi, bienvenue!” (“Good afternoon, welcome!”) While in France, they would say bon après-midi when you’re leaving, as in “have a good afternoon.” That said, you can still say bonjour in Quebec, at any time of the day.
In addition to bonjour and bon après-midi, there are several other useful French words you can use in the afternoon hours.
English French Audio “Hi!” Salut! “How are you?” (formal) Comment allez-vous ? “How are you?” (informal) Ça va ? “Good evening” (used in late afternoon or evening as a parting phrase) Bonne soirée “See you later” À plus tard “See you tomorrow” À demain “Goodbye” Au revoir “Have a nice day” (formal) Passez une bonne journée “Have a nice day” (informal) Passe une bonne journée “Have a nice afternoon” (formal) Passez un bon après-midi “Have a nice afternoon” (informal) Passe un bon après-midi Example Phrases with Good Afternoon in FrenchLast but not least, let’s check some example sentences featuring “good afternoon” in French.
EnglishFrenchAudio“Hello, I hope you’re having a good afternoon.” (European French, formal)Bonjour, j'espère que vous passez un bon après-midi.“Good afternoon, how are you?” (Canadian French, Formal)Bon après-midi, comment allez vous?“Have a good afternoon, see you tomorrow!” (Informal)Bon aprèm, à demain!“Have a good afternoon, rest well!” (Informal)Bon aprèm, repose-toi bien!“Hi, how is your afternoon going?” (Informal)Salut, comment se passe ton après-midi ?“I’m having a very good afternoon, thanks.”Je passe un très bon après-midi, merci.“Enjoy your afternoon at the park!” (Informal)Profite de ton après-midi au parc!“Have a nice afternoon with your parents.” (Informal)Passe un bon après-midi avec tes parents.You Took One More Step in Becoming Fluent in French“Good afternoon” may be one of the handy words you’ve learned for your trip to France, or a part of your beginner’s course. Either way, top them up with some other core French words, such as learning how to say how are you or talking about your family and friends. Greet your French teacher, start conversations during your next trip abroad, or simply impress your French friends with your new vocabulary. Bonne chance et bonne après-midi! (“Good luck and have a good afternoon!”)
10 Ways to Say “Goodbye” in French“Hello” in French – Plus 10 More Useful French Greetings“Merry Christmas” in French – How to Have a “Joyeux Noël” [In-Depth Guide]Learn Colors in Italian (With Audio)The post How to Say “Good Afternoon” in French appeared first on Fluent in 3 Months.
May 31, 2024
Spanish Culture: Traditions, Etiquette, and History of Spain
Curious about what makes Spanish culture so incredibly vibrant and unique? You’ve come to the right spot.
Spain is renowned for more than just flamenco, tapas, and taking siestas. It’s a country rich with history, art, and traditions that have been shaped by various civilizations over the centuries.
From the ancient Romans and their grand constructions to the Moors with their stunning palaces and gardens, many cultures have left their mark on Spain. What’s fascinating is how Spain has kept its unique identity alive through all these influences, celebrating its heritage while also embracing new ideas and diversity.
I’m Kelsey, and I’ll be your guide in showcasing the heart and soul of Spanish culture. I’ve been learning Spanish for years and have traveled all across the country.
Are you excited to explore the lively festivals, delicious food, passionate dances, and historical marvels of Spain? You’re in for a treat. ¡Vamos! (Let’s go!)
function runSplitTest(){ var randomNumber = Math.floor(Math.random() * 4) + 1; console.log(randomNumber); var copy = ""; if (randomNumber == 1){ copy = '<i>A note from the Fluent in 3 Months team before we get started: You can chat away in Spanish for at least 15 minutes with the "Fluent in 3 Months" method. All it takes is 90 days. <b><a href="https://www.fluentin3months.com/bootc... this link to find out more.</b></a></i>'; } else if (randomNumber == 2) { copy = '<i>Before we get started, if you’re looking for an online Spanish course, here’s the course I recommend: <a href="https://www.fluentin3months.com/olly-... Uncovered - Learn Spanish Through the Power of Story</b></a>, a course with a fascinating new method by my friend Olly. You can try it for free for 7 days!</i>'; } else if (randomNumber == 3){ copy = '<i>Expand your horizons and learn a new language with our 90-Day Personalized Language Course. Backed by research, our coaching will get you expert results. <b><a href="https://www.fluentin3months.com/bootc... this link to find out more.</b></a></i>'; } else { copy = '<i>Ready to be fluent in just 3 months? Our Research Backed Language Coaching guarantees better results. Sign up now for our 90-Day Personalized Language Course. <b><a href="https://www.fluentin3months.com/bootc... this link to find out more.</b></a></i>' } console.log(copy); var copyToChange = document.querySelector("p.copyText").innerHTML = copy;}runSplitTest();Table of contentsThe Building Blocks of Spanish Culture: From Romans to Moors and BeyondCelebrating Life the Spanish Way: A Kaleidoscope of FestivalsLa Tomatina: The Ultimate Tomato FightSemana Santa: A Week of Solemn BeautySan Fermín: Running with the BullsNavigating Spanish Etiquette and Social Customs: A Friendly GuideThe Flexible Spanish ClockGreetings: The Warm Spanish WelcomeDo’s and Don’ts in Social SituationsArt and Literature: The Beating Heart of Spanish CultureMasters of the Canvas: Goya, Picasso, and DalíDon Quixote: Spain’s Literary GiantThe Modern Spanish Cinema and LiteratureThe Flamenco Tradition: A Dance of Soul and PassionOrigins: A Hybrid of Cultural InfluencesThe Elements of Flamenco: Cante, Toque, BaileSpanish Cuisine: A Delicious Dive into Tradition and FlavorIconic Spanish Dishes: Paella, Tapas, and GazpachoA Taste of Regional DiversityMeals and Dining: When and How?The Regional Diversity of Spain: A Country of Many CulturesSpain’s Autonomous CommunitiesThe Linguistic Diversity of SpainLa Liga and Beyond: The Heartbeat of Spanish Sports CultureLa Liga: Where Football Legends Are MadeBeyond Football: A Country in Love with SportsModern Spain: A Beautiful Blend of Tradition and InnovationBlending History and DevelopmentLeading the Charge in Renewable EnergyA Hub for Technological and Scientific InnovationCelebrating the Vibrant Spirit of Spain: An Invitation to DiscoveryThe Building Blocks of Spanish Culture: From Romans to Moors and BeyondLet’s take a walk down history lane to see how Spain got its vibrant culture. Think of Spain as a big puzzle, with each group that lived there adding their own piece to it.
First up, the Romans. They came, they saw, they conquered – and they left a bunch of stuff behind around 200 BC. We’re talking roads, bridges, and laws that are still part of Spain today. Ever heard of Spanish laws? Well, the Romans laid down the basics.
Fast forward a few hundred years, and here come the Moors from North Africa in 711 AD. They weren’t just about taking over; they brought their A-game in science, agriculture, and architecture. If you’ve seen those super cool buildings with intricate designs in cities like Córdoba or Granada, you’ve seen Moorish handiwork. Here’s an example I took at the Alhambra in Granada:
But all parties must come to an end, right? Enter the Reconquista, this epic centuries-long effort by Christian kingdoms in the North to take back control. It was a time of battles, but also of blending cultures. The Moors left their mark on the Spanish language, food, and even music.
So, what does all this history stuff mean for modern Spain? A lot, actually. The mix of people and cultures over the centuries has made Spain a super interesting place. It’s why you can find a Roman aqueduct in one city, a Moorish palace in the next, and a Gothic cathedral just a train ride away. It’s like a living museum.
This blend of influences has shaped how Spaniards see the world and each other. It’s in the way they celebrate their festivals, cook their food, and even in the way they speak. Tradition and history are important, but so is being open to new ideas and influences.
In short, Spain wouldn’t be the colorful, diverse, and lively place it is today without its rich tapestry of history. From the Romans laying the groundwork to the Moors adding flavor and flair, it’s all come together to make modern Spanish society a place where history is always part of the conversation.
Celebrating Life the Spanish Way: A Kaleidoscope of FestivalsIf there’s one thing you should know about Spain, it’s Spanish festivals. The Spaniards really know how to throw a party. The country is famous for its festivals, each more vibrant and unique than the last.
Let’s zoom in on three of the most iconic Spanish fiestas that capture the heart and soul of Spanish culture: La Tomatina, Semana Santa, and San Fermín.
La Tomatina: The Ultimate Tomato FightImagine this: a sunny day in Buñol, a small town near Valencia, where thousands of people gather each year on the last Wednesday of August for the world’s biggest tomato fight. Yes, you read that right – a tomato fight!
La Tomatina is all about fun, as participants throw overripe tomatoes at each other just for the joy of it. It’s a wild, red, and saucy spectacle that started from a local food fight among kids back in 1945. Today, it’s a symbol of joy and camaraderie – and an epic way to let off some steam.
Semana Santa: A Week of Solemn BeautySwitching gears, Semana Santa, or Holy Week, offers a glimpse into Spain’s deeply spiritual side. This is when towns and cities across Spain, especially in Andalucía, are draped in the solemn grandeur of religious processions.
Here’s a photo of one such procession I took in Segovia:
Spectacular floats bearing statues of Jesus and the Virgin Mary, carried by hooded penitents, wind their way through the streets. It’s a time of reflection, brotherhood, and art coming to life.
Occurring in the week leading up to Easter, Semana Santa is a profound cultural experience showcasing Spain’s rich religious traditions and history.
(It’s really cool to see, but when I say the processions move slow, be warned – they move sloooow. So definitely check with locals ahead of time where the best viewing spots and times are.)
San Fermín: Running with the BullsFast-forward to July, and the city of Pamplona becomes the heart-thumping stage for San Fermín, a festival famous worldwide for the Running of the Bulls.
Each morning, thrill-seekers run ahead of a herd of bulls charging through the city’s narrow streets to the bullring. It’s adrenaline-pumping, dangerous, and undeniably unique.
But there’s more to San Fermín than the run; it’s a week-long fiesta filled with music, dancing, and plenty of good-humored fun.
So, if you ever find yourself in Spain, see if you can check out its festival scene. It’s a surefire way to experience the zest for life that makes Spanish culture so irresistible.
Navigating Spanish Etiquette and Social Customs: A Friendly GuideReady to blend in like a local on your next Spanish adventure? Let’s next take a look at the Spanish concept of time, greeting styles, and some other do’s and don’ts that’ll have you feeling like a local in no time.
The Flexible Spanish ClockFirst things first, time in Spain might feel like it’s running on its own special watch. Punctuality? Sure, it’s appreciated, especially in professional settings, but social plans tend to roll with a more… let’s say, relaxed sense of time.
Dinner at 9 PM often means arriving at 9:30 or later (a bit more on dining customs later!). This laid-back approach reflects the Spanish value of enjoying life without rushing – a pretty cool way to live, if you ask me.
Greetings: The Warm Spanish WelcomeWhen it comes to greetings, Spaniards are champions of warmth and friendliness. A firm handshake works well for first meetings, but don’t be surprised if it quickly evolves into friendly cheek kisses (dos besos) – one on each cheek, starting with the right. This is common among friends and acquaintances, regardless of gender combinations. However, it’s always a good idea to follow the other person’s lead.
In more casual settings, a simple hola (“hello”) is perfect, but if you want to be slightly more formal, buenos días (“Good morning”), buenas tardes (“good afternoon/evening”), or buenas noches (“good night”) will serve you well. Curious to learn more? Check out our article about over 70 greetings in Spanish!
Want to sound like a pro? If you’re in a part of Spain with a regional language (more on this later), you might go for a handful of other greetings. Because keep in mind, Spain is beautifully diverse, and social customs can vary.
In Catalonia, for instance, you might encounter greetings in Catalan (hola remains universal, but bon dia is the Catalan “Good morning”). In Basque Country, traditional Basque (Euskara) greetings might be used, though everyone appreciates an attempt at Spanish.
Interested in learning more about these localities? I’ll cover those in just a bit!
Do’s and Don’ts in Social SituationsNow, there are a few more things that don’t quite fit so neatly into the topics above, so to wrap up, here are a few do’s and don’ts in Spanish culture:
Do wait for your host to tell you where to sit if you’re invited to someone’s home. It’s a little thing that shows big respect.Don’t be surprised by the Spanish love for conversation. Spaniards often speak passionately and might interrupt each other in excitement. It’s all part of the lively Spanish discourse!Do expect to share food. Tapas culture is about communal eating, so dive in and enjoy the shared experience. (What are typical tapas, you may ask? Stay tuned!)Don’t feel compelled to tip excessively. In Spain, tipping is not as ingrained as in other cultures, though rounding up the bill or leaving a small amount for good service is appreciated.Art and Literature: The Beating Heart of Spanish CultureSpain is home to a rich artistic and literary heritage. We’ll next take a look at the haunting canvases of Goya to the quirky masterpieces of Dalí, as well as the timeless adventures of Don Quixote to the vibrant scenes of modern Spanish cinema.
Masters of the Canvas: Goya, Picasso, and DalíSpain has been home to some of the art world’s most influential figures. Francisco de Goya, with his dark and dramatic scenes, shows us a world where beauty and brutality coexist. His works, like “The Third of May 1808,” not only capture historical moments but also express profound human emotions.
Pablo Picasso, a name synonymous with innovation, shattered conventions with his Cubist visions. His “Guernica,” a poignant response to the bombing of a Basque town during the Spanish Civil War, remains one of art’s most powerful statements on the horrors of war.
Salvador Dalí, the flamboyant surrealist, took us down a rabbit hole of melting clocks and dreamlike landscapes. His works, such as “The Persistence of Memory,” challenge our perceptions and invite us to explore the depths of our imagination.
Don Quixote: Spain’s Literary GiantMiguel de Cervantes’ “Don Quixote” is often hailed as the first modern novel. This tale of a would-be knight errant and his loyal squire, Sancho Panza, embarking on misadventures across Spain, combines humor, satire, and existential questioning in a way that resonates with readers even today. Don Quixote’s quest, driven by noble ideals and a vivid imagination, is a celebration of the human spirit’s resilience and the timeless struggle for truth and justice.
Of course, this novel has been translated into many different languages, so you can choose the one best suited to your interests. Since it’s so old, the Spanish of the original is quite archaic and difficult to understand as a learner, but I’ve read bits and pieces of it as as a graded reader for some Spanish reading practice. Highly recommended!
The Modern Spanish Cinema and LiteratureSpain’s artistic spirit continues to thrive in modern cinema and literature. Directors like Pedro Almodóvar, with his colorful and emotionally rich films such as “Talk to Her” and “Volver,” have brought Spanish cinema to the international stage. Almodóvar’s works are celebrated for their exploration of human desires, fears, and complexities, all while wrapped in visually stunning storytelling.
In literature, contemporary Spanish authors like Carlos Ruiz Zafón and Javier Marías tell narratives that blend mystery, history, and profound psychological insights. Zafón’s “The Shadow of the Wind” is a mesmerizing tale set in post-war Barcelona, inviting readers into the labyrinthine “Cemetery of Forgotten Books.”
All in all, whether you’re admiring a masterpiece in a museum, getting lost in the pages of a gripping novel, or being moved by a film, you can try experiencing the essence of Spain’s artistic spirit.
The Flamenco Tradition: A Dance of Soul and PassionStep into the world of flamenco, and you step into the heart of Spanish culture – a world where every stomp of the foot and strum of the guitar tells a story of passion, sorrow, and joy. Plus, in 2010, UNESCO recognized flamenco as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, acknowledging its value as a cultural treasure not only for Spain but for the world.
I’ll give you a brief introduction of the fiery world of flamenco, understanding its origins, elements, and why it means so much to the people of Spain.
Origins: A Hybrid of Cultural InfluencesFlamenco began its life in the southern region of Andalusia, where a melting pot of cultures – Gypsy, Moorish, Jewish, and Christian – fused together over centuries. This blend of traditions, rhythms, and narratives gave birth to flamenco sometime in the 18th century, not just as an art form but as a way of life. Originally, it was the music of the marginalized, a heartfelt expression of their struggles and joys, making it deeply emotional and profoundly human.
If you’re in Granada, I highly recommend you visit the Sacromonte Caves Museum. Its exhibits are in both English and Spanish and will help you understand the context of the dance and the people who developed it. It’s absolutely awesome!
Here’s a photo I took from the museum grounds. You can see the stark divide between the mega-lush extravagance of the Alhambra and the desolateness of the land many of the marginalized people were historically relegated to. It was this history led to the creation of flamenco:
The Elements of Flamenco: Cante, Toque, BaileAt its core, flamenco consists of three distinct elements: cante (“singing”), toque (“guitar playing”), and baile (“dance”). Here’s a rundown of each:
Cante: The soul of flamenco, cante conveys deep emotions through its powerful vocals. There are over fifty styles (palos) of cante, ranging from the deeply sorrowful cante jondo to the lighter and more lively cante chico.
Toque: The flamenco guitar is almost like a voice of its own that dialogues with the singers and dancers. Its rhythms and melodies are distinctive, imbued with both the sorrow and the joy of life.
Baile: Flamenco dance is an explosion of passion and precision. Every movement, from the tapping feet to the swirling of the arms, tells a story, expressing deep emotions.
Of course, Flamenco isn’t the only dance in Spain. If dance interests you, definitely check out some more Spanish dances!
Spanish Cuisine: A Delicious Dive into Tradition and FlavorAh, Spanish food! Spain’s food is as vibrant and diverse as its landscapes, blending tradition, culture, and regional flair.
Of course, there’s a lot to cover here, so I’ll give you a few highlights.
Iconic Spanish Dishes: Paella, Tapas, and GazpachoPaella: Often seen as Spain’s national dish (though Valencians might claim it as their own), paella is a fragrant rice masterpiece. The traditional Valencian paella is cooked in a large pan, combining rice with ingredients like rabbit, chicken, green beans, and saffron for that iconic yellow color. However, there are as many varieties of paella as there are cooks, including seafood paella. (I’m partial to squid ink paella myself.)
Tapas: Tapas are not just food; they’re a way of life. These small plates can range from simple olives and cheese to elaborate bites like patatas bravas (spicy potatoes) or gambas al ajillo (garlic shrimp). You’ll also run into the ubiquitous Spanish tortilla–which refers to something completely different from the Latin American tortilla! (To find out more about this, definitely check out our article dedicated to Spanish food!)
Gazpacho: This chilled tomato-based soup is a refreshing antidote to the hot Spanish summers. Originating from Andalusia, gazpacho is a blend of tomatoes, bell peppers, cucumbers, garlic, and olive oil, served cold. Of course, there are many variations (and I’ve even made a great one using watermelon rind!)
A Taste of Regional DiversityIn Spain, each region boasts its own specialties. In the north, the Basque Country’s pintxos (similar to tapas but usually skewered with a toothpick) offer a delightful taste of local flavors. Catalonia prides itself on dishes like escalivada, a smoky grilled vegetable dish.
Head to Galicia, and you’ll find seafood taking center stage, with octopus (pulpo a la gallega) being a regional highlight. And let’s not forget about the heartwarming stews of the interior, like cocido madrileño, a hearty chickpea-based stew from Madrid.
Meals and Dining: When and How?In Spain, eating is more than just a way to satisfy hunger; it’s a ritual. Breakfast (el desayuno) might be light, but lunch (la comida) is the main event, often featuring several courses and lasting from 2 to 4 PM. Dinner (la cena) starts late, usually after 9 PM, and is a lighter affair, perhaps some tapas or a simple dish.
Now, another standout Spanish custom is sobremesa, the time spent lingering at the table after the meal has ended. (Granted, other countries do this too, but Spanish has a whole word for it!) It’s not about the food at this point but the joy of conversation, laughter, and simply being together.
The Regional Diversity of Spain: A Country of Many CulturesSpain is a stunning mosaic of cultures, each with its own unique flavors, traditions, and even languages. From the vibrant streets of Barcelona to the rolling hills of the Basque Country, let’s embark on a journey to discover the diverse tapestry that makes up Spain’s autonomous communities and their fascinating linguistic variety.
Spain’s Autonomous CommunitiesSpain is divided into 17 autonomous communities, and each one comes with its own distinct character. Think of them as siblings in a large family, sharing some traits but with each standing out in their own special way.
Catalonia is known for its fierce pride and rich traditions, with Barcelona as its main city. Here, you’ll find stunning architecture by Antoni Gaudí, like the Sagrada Familia, and a deep-rooted passion for the Catalan language and culture.
Head to the Basque Country, and you’ll discover a region with a unique language (Euskara), incredible landscapes, and a culinary scene that’s out of this world.
Galicia, with its misty landscapes and rugged coastlines, feels like a Celtic fairy tale come to life. The sound of bagpipes, the smell of the sea, and the taste of fresh seafood create a deeply atmospheric experience.
And then there’s Andalusia, the soulful southern region famous for flamenco, Moorish architecture like the Alhambra, and a laid-back way of life that’s utterly enchanting.
The Linguistic Diversity of SpainOne of the most fascinating aspects of Spain’s diversity is its linguistic variety. While Castilian Spanish is the official language nationwide, several regions have their own co-official languages:
Catalan is spoken in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and Valencia (where it’s actually known as Valencian). If you’re visiting Barcelona, you’ll see and hear Catalan everywhere, from street signs to casual conversations.Basque, or Euskara, is an ancient language spoken in the Basque Country and parts of Navarre. What’s intriguing about Basque is that it’s unrelated to any other language in the world!Galician is the language of Galicia, sharing similarities with Portuguese. This lyrical language perfectly complements the region’s mystical and green landscapes.La Liga and Beyond: The Heartbeat of Spanish Sports CultureIf there’s one thing that can unite Spain, it’s sports. And at the forefront of this unifying love is football, with La Liga at the forefront. But the Spanish passion for sports doesn’t stop at football; it extends to basketball, tennis, and more. So here’s your crash course into Spanish sports!
La Liga: Where Football Legends Are MadeFootball (or soccer, depending on where you’re from) is a way of life for many in Spain. La Liga, Spain’s top professional football division, is home to some of the most iconic clubs in the world, like FC Barcelona and Real Madrid. These teams are champions on the pitch and important parts of their communities, representing centuries-old rivalries, local pride, and generations of fans.
Matches, especially the famed El Clásico between Barcelona and Real Madrid, are epic social events. Catch one if you can!
Beyond Football: A Country in Love with SportsWhile football might steal the spotlight, Spain’s sports culture is rich and diversified.
Basketball holds a special place in the hearts of many Spaniards. The Spanish basketball league, Liga ACB, is one of the most competitive outside the NBA, producing world-class talent like Pau Gasol. Spain’s national team, with its thrilling play and international successes, has also helped basketball become a popular and much-loved sport across the country.
Tennis has seen a surge in popularity, much of it thanks to Rafael Nadal, affectionately known as “Rafa.” His astounding achievements, including multiple Grand Slam titles, have not only made him a national hero but also inspired countless Spaniards to pick up a tennis racket. The country’s climate and facilities support this tennis boom, making Spain a hotbed for producing some top tennis talent.
Modern Spain: A Beautiful Blend of Tradition and InnovationSpanish culture today basically marries its deep-rooted traditions with the cutting-edge of modern innovation. Far beyond its picturesque landscapes and historic cities lies a nation at the forefront of technological, scientific, and environmental advancements. So finally, let’s check out how modern Spain blends the old with the new!
Blending History and DevelopmentSpain is a country where you can wander through ancient streets in the morning and marvel at futuristic architecture in the afternoon. Cities like Barcelona and Valencia are prime examples, hosting historic Gothic quarters alongside modern marvels like the City of Arts and Sciences. It’s this ability to respect and preserve the past while eagerly embracing the future that makes Spain super attractive.
And it’s not just the architecture. Even traditional customs have smoothly transitioned into the 21st century. Take flamenco – it’s still booming, but now you might catch a hint of modern beats in its rhythm. Spanish food, which the whole world loves, is another area where tradition meets innovation. Classic dishes are getting a fresh twist by creative cooks, putting Spain at the forefront of culinary arts worldwide.
Leading the Charge in Renewable EnergySpain is at the forefront when it comes to green innovation. With a commitment to fight climate change, the country leads globally in renewable energy, especially in harnessing wind and solar power. Thanks to its sunny expanses and breezy coasts, Spain is dotted with massive solar farms and windmills, producing a substantial share of its power. By doing so, Spain sets an inspiring example for the rest of the world on how to embrace sustainability.
A Hub for Technological and Scientific InnovationSpain’s contributions to technology and science are nothing short of impressive. From hosting one of the world’s most powerful radio telescopes in Gran Canaria to pioneering the high-speed AVE train network, Spain melds innovation with daily life. In healthcare, Spanish research teams are at the forefront of various fields, contributing groundbreaking studies and treatments that impact lives globally.
The digital realm in Spain thrives with a vibrant startup ecosystem, particularly in cities like Madrid and Barcelona. These hubs of innovation foster creativity and entrepreneurship, pushing the boundaries of tech in fields like fintech, biotech, and beyond.
Celebrating the Vibrant Spirit of Spain: An Invitation to DiscoveryNow you’ve got a deeper look into Spain, right? It’s not all about its beaches or old buildings. We’ve seen how alive it is, from its colorful festivals to cool new tech and green energy moves. Spain is about mixing the old school with the fresh, creating something everyone loves. But really, it’s the warmth of the Spanish people that makes it shine.
Ready for a first-hand experience? Spain invites you to dive into its culture, taste its food, and live its vibrancy. So, why not pack your bags and see for yourself if you have the chance? Bienvenidos a España – Welcome to Spain!
How Other Languages Help Us Think Differently & Why We Should Preserve ThemTop 5 Healthy Things to do in Spain#016 | Will John on Mixing Football and Language SkillsAny language, anywhere hack 2: Dancing, painting and cooking your way to fluency5 Brilliant Workouts to Flex Your French Writing MusclesThe post Spanish Culture: Traditions, Etiquette, and History of Spain appeared first on Fluent in 3 Months.
May 24, 2024
Usted vs Tú in Spanish: How to Choose the Right Pronoun
English has only one word for “you,” but there’s more than one in Spanish! Unlike English, Spanish distinguishes between informal and formal “you” through the use of “tú” and “usted”, respectively.
Whether you’re a beginner in Spanish or brushing up your skills, understanding the difference between usted and tú can really elevate your language game. These two little words are more than just pronouns – Understanding when to use each can save you from awkward situations and show your respect for Spanish speaking cultures.
I spent several years studying Spanish with teachers from different countries, and I’ll give you a deep dive into the nuances of these two Spanish pronouns. Let me guide you through their usage, cultural implications, and a bit of regional etiquette. By the end, you’ll be navigating Spanish conversations with confidence and grace.
Here’s me in Barcelona, Spain, where tú is used quite liberally!
So, let’s get started. ¿Listos?
Understanding Usted vs. Tú: Key Differences and Why They MatterUsted and tú both mean “you” in English, but they’re used in very different contexts. Tú is the informal “you,” used when speaking with friends, family, or people your age or younger — anyone you’re on familiar terms with, really. On the flip side, usted is the formal version, used to show respect towards someone older, in a position of authority, or someone you don’t know well.
Why does this matter? Spanish culture places a great deal of importance on respect and formality. Using the correct form can make a big difference in how your words are received. It’s all about knowing your audience and adapting your language to fit the situation.
And in one situation involving multiple people, you might alternate between using usted and tú, depending on the person you’re addressing! For example, just the other day I was interpreting mostly for a woman a few years younger than me whom I had chatted with a bit prior, and also a bit for her husband, who I just met and was a few years older than me. I naturally used tú with the younger, more familiar woman, and usted with the older, less familiar man!
Also, do take note! The preference for tú vs usted isn’t uniform across the Spanish-speaking world; regional customs play a pivotal role. It’s fascinating how the preference for when to speak formally or informally can vary not just from country to country but also within regions of the same country.
For instance, countries like Colombia and Costa Rica lean heavily on usted, even in some family and friend conversations, showcasing a higher degree of formality. Particularly in cities like Bogotá, usted is commonly used even in somewhat informal contexts, reflecting a culture that leans more towards formality in speech.
This would be quite odd in countries like Mexico or Spain. Here, you might find tú used more liberally among acquaintances and in casual settings.
Quick Verb Conjugation GuideThe distinction between usted and tú doesn’t end with their definitions. It extends to how verbs are conjugated.
For example, the present form of the verb hablar (to speak) turns into:
Tú hablas (informal)
Usted habla (formal)
Notice that for tú, the verb ends in -as, and for “usted,” it ends in -a. This pattern is consistent across regular verbs in the present tense. Let’s look at another example with the verb comer (to eat):
Tú comes (informal)
Usted come (formal)
Basically, for tú, think endings like -as, -es. Usted shares its conjugation with the third-person singular, so endings are -a, -e.
By the way, in this article, I’m going to stick with the present simple conjugations, but if you’d like to know about other tenses, check out our in-depth article on Spanish verb conjugations!
We’ll look at each of these pronouns more in depth next!
When and Where to Use UstedUsted is the formal “you.” It’s like wearing a suit to a job interview – it shows respect and is used in more official or serious contexts.
Picture this: You’re meeting someone’s parents for the first time, sitting down for a job interview, or speaking to a senior citizen. These are perfect moments for usted. Anytime there’s a clear need to express respect or maintain a professional tone, usted is your go-to pronoun.
Here are some examples in context:
Personal Context: Imagine you’re at a family gathering, and you want to ask your friend’s grandmother if she would like more tea. You would say, ¿Usted quiere más té?
Professional Context: In a job interview, instead of diving in with ¿Tú trabajas en marketing? (“Do you work in marketing?”) you’ll want to elevate the formality with ¿Usted trabaja en marketing?
Up next, we’ll tackle the more informal “tú” and when it’s the right choice for your conversations.
When and Where to Use “Tú”Tú, on the other hand, is the casual tee-shirt version, evoking closeness and familiarity. It’s commonly used among peers, close friends, family members of similar age, and in casual contexts.
Whether you’re chatting with friends, hanging out with family members (especially those around your age, and depending on the country), or joking with peers, tú sets the perfect informal and intimate vibe.
Also, if you’re hanging out, meeting someone new around your age, or in a laid-back environment, tú is widely accepted. It’s like saying, “Hey, we’re on the same level.”
So:
Talking to friends and people your own age? Tú sets a relaxed tone. Example: ¿Cómo estás, amigo/amiga? (“How are you, friend?”)
Addressing children or pets? Tú is universally appropriate. Example: ¿Quieres jugar? (“Do you want to play?”)
Engaging in informal settings, like a party or casual meetup? Keep it cool and casual with tú.
Note here that we don’t actually need to say tú in any of these sentences (and we might have even dropped usted in the above as well!). We can totally leave it out because of the way the verb conjugates! I just left it in there for demonstration purposes, but you’ll include it in your sentence for clarification or emphasis.
So in sum, tú is your toolkit (or shall I say, túlkit–get it? I’m here all night.) for forging warmer connections. Tú can instantly remove any barrier of formality, making the conversation flow more freely.
Now before I move on, I want to point out the tu trap: Remember, without the accent, tu means “your.” A small accent makes a big difference!
By the way, if you’re still feeling a bit iffy about Spanish accent marks, we have an article all about them!
Tutear: Navigating the Shift from Usted to TúHave you ever been in a situation where you started conversing with someone in a formal setting, and then as you got to know each other, the air of formality just… vanished? That, my friends, is the art of tutear. Here’s what it means and when it might happen.
Simply put, tutear is a verb that means someone can address another using tú instead of usted. It’s like a mutual agreement that says, “We’re comfortable enough with each other to drop the formality.”
Transitioning from “usted” to “tú” in a relationship is a sign of growing intimacy and mutual respect. However, it’s a move usually initiated by the elder or higher-status individual. This transition of tutear marks a significant step in the relationship, indicative of a closer, more equal standing.
If you’re unsure whether it’s time to switch, a polite way to ask is, ¿Podemos tutearnos? (“Can we use tú with each other?”). This shows your respect for the other person’s comfort level and also opens the door to a more relaxed and intimate bond.
So when would you see this transition? Here are a couple of examples.
Imagine you’ve just landed a job and are having your first conversation with your supervisor, who initially says, ¿Usted podría enviarme el reporte? (“Could you send me the report?”). Over time, as you work closely and get to know each other, your supervisor might say, ¿Tú podrías enviarme el reporte? Notice the switch? That’s tutear in action – it happens when there’s a mutual acknowledgment that the formal barrier can be lowered.
Another common scenario is when making new friends. Initially, out of respect, you might address each other using usted, depending on the context in which you met each other. However, as you share experiences and build a friendship, it becomes natural to shift to tú, signifying that you’ve moved from being acquaintances to amigos.
Regional Varieties for “You”: “Vos” and How It Fits InNow if you’re in some parts of Latin America, you might hear another pronoun: vos.
Vos is a second-person singular pronoun, just like tú, but it’s used in specific regions. Most notably, you’ll find vos widely said in Argentina and Uruguay, with its usage also spreading across parts of Central America, including Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Each of these regions has its own nuances in how vos is practically applied, making it a fascinating aspect of linguistic variation within the Spanish-speaking world.
Now, vos comes with its own conjugations. I’ll show you how to use it in the present simple tense. Let’s use hablar (“to speak”) as an example first:
Vos hablás
Compare this to Tú hablas
Notice the accent on the final syllable? That’s one of the hallmarks of vos. Here’s another example with comer (“to eat”):
Vos comés
Compare this to Tú comes
Finally, we’ll look at vivir (“to live”):
Vos vivís
Compare this to Tú vives
So keep in mind–while conjugations for verbs ending in -er and -ir are the same in the present simple for usted and tú, there are three distinct endings for vos.
So, how does vos stack up against tú and usted? Vos is essentially on the same level of formality as “tú” – it’s used in informal settings among friends, family, or people of the same age. However, its usage is deeply rooted in regional identity.
Usted, on the other hand, remains the formal option across the board, used in contexts demanding respect or formality irrespective of the region.
The Plural “You”: Ustedes and VosotrosNow it’s time to tackle an important aspect of communicating with groups: the plural “you.” In English, we just have “you” for both singular and plural, but Spanish offers us two options: ustedes and vosotros.
(Basically, Spanish has official words for “you all” or “y’all,” which must be used whenever you’re speaking in the plural!)
Knowing when and how to use these can significantly polish your conversational skills. But what’s the difference and how can you use them in sentences? I’ll make it easy for you.
An Overview of Ustedes and How It’s UsedUstedes is the standard form for addressing a group of people in both formal and informal contexts across almost all the Spanish-speaking world.
(The only exception is in Spain. Here, “ustedes” retains a formal air, mostly used when addressing a group respectfully. More on that in a minute.)
In terms of verb conjugations, ustedes follows the same pattern as the third-person plural.
For example, with the verb hablar (“to speak”):
Ustedes hablan
And with comer (“to eat”):
Ustedes comen
Now things tend to be a bit different in Spain…
An Overview of Vosotros and How It’s UsedNow, let’s turn our attention to vosotros, a pronoun that’s pretty much exclusive to Spain. Vosotros serves as the informal way to address a group, sort of like saying “y’all” in English (but it’s completely standardized in the language, not slang). It’s what you’d use when talking to a group of friends, family members of similar age, or peers.
The verb conjugations for vosotros have their own unique endings, distinct from any other Spanish pronoun conjugation. First up in our examples, we’ll stick with hablar (“to speak”):
Vosotros habláis
And for comer (“to eat”):
Vosotros coméis
And finally, for vivir (“to live”):
Vosotros vivís
Note that like with vos, there’s a special conjugation for -ir verbs, even in the present simple!
So basically, choosing between ustedes and vosotros comes down to geography and formality. If you’re in Spain and among friends, vosotros will make you sound like a local, perfect for when you’re kicking back with friends in a tapas bar in Sevilla or celebrating La Tomatina in Buñol. If you’re anywhere else in the Spanish-speaking world or in a more formal setting in Spain, ustedes is your go-to choice.
Practical Tips for Getting It RightLearning Spanish can sometimes feel like navigating a maze with twists and turns at every phrase and pronoun. But fear not! When it comes to choosing the right form of “you,” I’ve got some practical tips that’ll serve as your compass. So, let’s make sure you’re not just speaking Spanish but acing it with the confidence of a seasoned traveler.
The best way to learn the nuances of usted, tú, vos, ustedes, and vosotros is to immerse yourself in conversations with native speakers. Here’s how:
Observation: Pay attention to how native speakers address each other in different settings. Whether you’re watching a Spanish film, listening to a podcast, or sitting in a café in Buenos Aires, observe the dynamics of dialogue.
Ask for Guidance: Don’t be shy to ask your Spanish-speaking friends or teachers about the nuances of formal and informal address. Most people are more than happy to share insights about their language and culture.
Practice, Practice, Practice: Engage in language exchanges. It’s a win-win—you help each other navigate the complexities of your respective languages.
Travel (if you can): Immersing yourself in a Spanish-speaking country is the fastest track to getting the hang of when to use which pronoun. Each region has its own flavor of Spanish, and there’s no substitute for learning these quirks firsthand.
Cultural Consumption: Dive into the media landscape of Spanish-speaking countries. Music, movies, TV shows, and books are not just entertainment; they’re classrooms. You’ll start to pick up on patterns of when different forms are used, often in context, which is invaluable for learning.
Remember, mastering the Spanish pronouns and their correct usage is a marathon, not a sprint. It’s about accumulating experiences, making mistakes, and learning from them. The real world is messy and doesn’t always stick to textbook rules, but that’s where the fun and the real learning happen.
Where to Go from HereBy now, you should be feeling more confident about when and how to use these forms.
So are you ready for a quick quiz?
How would you address a new colleague in Spain? ____Choose the correct pronoun: “____ tienes mi libro?” (When addressing your sibling)Did you figure them out? The first answer is usted, and the second is tú! But don’t worry if you didn’t get it right immediately.
Engage with the Spanish-speaking world with curiosity and respect, and don’t forget to laugh at yourself and enjoy the process. Embrace the complexity, engage with the culture, and soon, the question of “Should I say tú or usted?” will come to you as naturally as saying hola.
Keep the curiosity alive, and let the adventure of language learning continue. ¡Buena suerte!
The post Usted vs Tú in Spanish: How to Choose the Right Pronoun appeared first on Fluent in 3 Months.
May 20, 2024
14 Reasons to Learn a Second Language (or a Third, Fourth or Fifth)
In today’s increasingly interconnected world, speaking a second language is a valuable skill that offers numerous benefits. From enhancing cognitive abilities to opening up new career opportunities and facilitating cultural exchange, learning a new language can enrich your life in many ways. In this article, I’ll take you through 14 compelling reasons to learn a second (or third, or fourth, or fifth+!) language.
And I should know – I’ve learned five additional languages from completely different language families to at least a conversational level, and some of them to fluency. I’m also working on my seventh language at the moment, and have dabbled in learning countless more!
Here’s me working on my Korean, wearing my Tanzanian dress, in the UK!
So what are these fantastic reasons to learn another language? Let’s begin!
function runSplitTest(){var randomNumber = Math.floor(Math.random() * 2) + 1console.log(randomNumber)var copy = "";if (randomNumber == 3){ copy = '<i>A note from the Fluent in 3 Months team before we get started: You can chat away in a new language for at least 15 minutes with the "Fluent in 3 Months" method. All it takes is 90 days. <a href="https://www.fluentin3months.com/other... this link to find out more.</a></i>'} else { copy = '<i>A note from the Fluent in 3 Months team before we get started: You can chat away with a native speaker for at least 15 minutes with the "Fluent in 3 Months" method. All it takes is 90 days. <a href="https://www.fluentin3months.com/other... this link to find out more.</a></i>'}var copyToChange = document.querySelector("p.copyText").innerHTML = copy;}runSplitTest();Table of contents1. Boost Your Brain Power2. Advance Your Career3. Improve Academic Performance4. Stave Off Age-Related Cognitive Decline5. Enrich Your Travel Experiences6. Access a World of Culture7. Access More Information and Entertainment8. Improve Your First Language9. Gain a New Perspective10. Become a Lifelong Learner11. Connect with More People12. Boost Your Confidence13. Build Grit and Discipline14. Have Fun!Ready to Learn a Second Language?1. Boost Your Brain PowerLearning a second language is like a workout for your brain. Numerous studies have shown that bilingual and multilingual individuals have denser grey matter, improved white matter integrity, and enhanced cognitive functions compared to monolinguals.
This means learning a language can improve your memory, concentration, attention span, problem-solving abilities, and even the ability to multitask.
It’s never too late to reap the cognitive benefits of language learning – they apply whether you acquire a second language as a child or later in life.
2. Advance Your CareerIn the global job market, proficiency in a second language can give you a competitive edge. Many companies are expanding internationally and seek employees who can communicate with clients and colleagues in other countries.
Industries like customer service, hospitality, international business, and healthcare especially value multilingual candidates. Adding a language to your resume demonstrates valuable skills like cross-cultural communication, open-mindedness and mental flexibility that transfer to any field.
So whether you’re going for a promotion, a pay raise, or a new job, knowing multiple languages for sure can give you a boost!
3. Improve Academic PerformanceLearning a second language can have a significant positive impact on students’ overall academic achievement. A meta-analysis of studies found that in 90% of cases, language learners outperformed their monolingual peers in a range of subjects, including math, reading and vocabulary. Amazing, right?
Not to mention that the most commonly used languages in academic research are English, Spanish, French, Japanese, and Chinese. So if you’re doing some research, you might benefit from knowing more than one of these languages!
4. Stave Off Age-Related Cognitive DeclineThe cognitive benefits of bilingualism I mentioned above extend into old age. Speaking a second language seems to delay the onset of dementia and Alzheimer’s by an impressive 4-5 years compared to monolinguals. It’s thought that the mental workout of constantly switching between languages builds up cognitive reserve and keeps the brain in better shape.
While not a guarantee against age-related decline, learning a language is a powerful way to keep your mind sharp as you get older.
5. Enrich Your Travel ExperiencesTraveling becomes much easier and more fulfilling when you can speak the local language. You’ll be able to navigate transportation, read signs and menus, and avoid miscommunication.
More importantly, you can connect with locals in a meaningful way to learn about their culture, perspectives and way of life. Speaking the language shows respect and interest that opens people up. How? I’ll get to more of that in just a bit!
6. Access a World of CultureLanguage and culture are inseparable. To truly master a language, you need to understand the cultural context behind it. In the process, you gain insight into how other societies see the world, their traditions, values, and arts.
At the same time, fluency unlocks a treasure trove of books, music, movies and other cultural products to enjoy in their original language. You may discover a new favorite author or band and develop a deep appreciation for another culture.
7. Access More Information and EntertainmentIn relation, when you learn a second language, a whole new world of information and entertainment opens up to you. Suddenly, you can access news articles, websites, podcasts, videos and social media content from countries where that language is spoken.
For example, did you know that one study found that about half of the internet is in English, and the rest is in other languages like Chinese, Spanish, German, Japanese Russian, Persian, French? That’s a lot of content out there to explore!
You can get fresh perspectives on current events, dive deep into a niche interest, or simply stay up to date with what’s trending in pop culture.
8. Improve Your First LanguageLearning a second language makes you more aware of linguistic structures and how language works in general. This “metalinguistic awareness” can improve your understanding of your native language’s grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. Figuring out how to express an idea in a new language can even boost your communication skills overall as you learn to speak more precisely.
9. Gain a New PerspectiveEach language is a unique lens through which to see the world. The words, expressions and quirks of a language reflect the values and thought patterns of its speakers. As the theory of linguistic relativity proposes, the language we speak shapes our perception and experience of reality.
Learning a second language broadens your perspective and increases open-mindedness as you literally see things differently. It fosters cultural empathy that makes you a better global citizen.
10. Become a Lifelong LearnerLanguage acquisition trains your brain to analyze structures, find patterns and creatively use limited resources to communicate – important skills that transfer to any subject. Once you’ve learned a second language, picking up a third or fourth becomes easier as your brain knows the drill.
Many polyglots describe language learning as a fun, rewarding hobby they pursue throughout their lives – not a chore! It can be an endless source of intellectual stimulation and personal growth at any age.
11. Connect with More PeopleSpeaking a second language multiplies your opportunities for human connection. You can make friends with fellow learners in a language class. You can have an enriching conversation with a taxi driver or shop clerk in their native tongue while abroad.
I myself have a personal policy of trying to learn the local language whenever I move to a new country (and I’ve done that five times already!). Not only does it help me navigate the new environment and culture better, but it also shows respect to the locals. I talk about this more in my podcast episode, so check it out!
So even if you don’t become totally fluent, you vastly expand the number of people you can deeply connect with and befriend. In some cases, multilingualism within a family or relationship is the key to better communication and closeness.
12. Boost Your ConfidenceIt takes courage to start speaking a new language, but the risk is so worth the reward. Have you ever heard Amy Chua’s famous quote, “Do you know what a foreign accent is? It’s a sign of bravery.”
Practicing with native speakers builds social skills and assertiveness that can improve confidence in any area of life. Plus, few things match the sense of accomplishment that comes with holding your first conversation in a foreign language.
As your proficiency improves, so will your faith in your ability to take on new challenges and connect with all kinds of people.
13. Build Grit and DisciplineLet’s be real – learning a language is not easy. It takes consistent effort and willingness to make mistakes over a long period of time. Pushing through the inevitable frustrations and plateaus builds grit, the key to success in any endeavor.
Language learning teaches the discipline of sticking with a goal even when progress feels slow. It’s a powerful way to prove to yourself that you can do hard things. The resilience you gain is an invaluable life skill.
14. Have Fun!Don’t overlook the sheer fun and joy that comes with learning a second language. It’s an infinitely varied hobby full of “aha!” moments when something finally clicks. You get to read, watch and listen purely for pleasure in the language. Making multilingual puns never gets old.
And of course, it enables you to connect with all kinds of interesting people you’d never otherwise meet. While the journey can be challenging, language learning is an immensely rewarding pursuit that can delight you for a lifetime.
Ready to Learn a Second Language?As we’ve seen, learning a second language offers far more than just being able to order confidently from a menu overseas. It’s an endeavor that benefits the mind, enriches experiences, connects people and brings both personal and professional advantages. In a world that’s more interconnected than ever, multilingualism is increasingly becoming a must-have skill.
At this point, you might not be surprised to know that the benefits don’t stop here. There are even more, which we cover in another article about the benefits of learning a second language!
If you’ve been considering learning a language, there’s no better time to start than now. Choose a language that interests you, whether for its career benefits, cultural attraction, or family heritage. With modern tools and resources, you can start studying online or in person at your own pace. The journey won’t always be easy, but with the right toolkit, it won’t be boring, either. And the rewards are more than worth it.
The Coolest Jobs! Get Paid to Learn a LanguageGerman 3 month mission: Sit C2 exam5 Reasons Learning a New Language Can Help Your Career & FinancesSpeaker BioWhy ESL teachers are the best teachers and the best learnersThe post 14 Reasons to Learn a Second Language (or a Third, Fourth or Fifth) appeared first on Fluent in 3 Months.
May 17, 2024
Japanese Music: Your In-Depth Guide
Japanese music is incredibly diverse and culturally rich. Whether you’re into anime theme songs, J-Pop, or traditional Japanese instruments, there’s something for everyone.
Plus, listening to Japanese music is a great way to learn the language – it certainly helped me! In fact, I have been using Japanese songs since I started learning Japanese years ago. How can you make it work for you too?
Stay with me, and I’ll give you an overview of the various types of music in Japan and how songs can help you achieve fluency. I’ll also introduce you to my favorite Japanese singer. You’ll be ready for a Japanese karaoke session in no time!
function runSplitTest(){var randomNumber = Math.floor(Math.random() * 2) + 1console.log(randomNumber)var copy = "";if (randomNumber == 3){ copy = '<i>A note from the Fluent in 3 Months team before we get started: You can chat away in Japanese for at least 15 minutes with the "Fluent in 3 Months" method. All it takes is 90 days. <b><a href="https://fluentin3months.com/challenge... this link to find out more.</b></a></i>'} else { copy = '<i>Editor's note: Before we get started, if you’re looking for an online Japanese course, here’s the course we recommend: <a href="https://www.fluentin3months.com/olly-... Uncovered - Learn Japanese Through the Power of Story</b></a>, a course with a fascinating new method by Olly Richards. You can try it for free for 7 days!</i>'}console.log(copy)var copyToChange = document.querySelector("p.copyText").innerHTML = copy;}runSplitTest();Table of contentsAn Overview of Japan’s MusicTraditional Japanese MusicTraditional Japanese InstrumentsJapanese Folk MusicModern Japanese Music: J-Pop and J-RockThe Top 5 Most Important Modern Japanese Music ArtistsIdol GroupsThe Popularity of Physical Music Media in JapanLanguage Learning with Japanese LyricsJapanese Music: Listen and Sing to FluencyAn Overview of Japan’s MusicMusic in Japanese is 音楽 (ongaku). These two kanji characters mean “sound” and “enjoyment”/”music” respectively.
Alternatively, Japanese people also often refer to their own music, particularly traditional music, as 邦楽 (hougaku), or “home country music.” This often is in contrast to 洋楽 (yougaku), or Western music. (You might find this labeled as such in a music store, for example.)
Now, music has a long history in Japan. Some of the oldest forms of Japanese music date back to the 8th century!
But in Japan, music isn’t just a thing of the past. In fact, Japan was cited as the second-largest music market in the world in 2017. You can follow Oricon to see what’s at the top of the Japanese music charts.
By the way, Japan is also the #1 market for physical music media. This means that while much of the world is consuming music in purely digital forms (think apps, downloadable content, or websites), CDs are still big business in Japan.
Why? I’ll get to that in a bit. But first, let’s take a step back to traditional Japanese music.
Traditional Japanese MusicJapan has a diverse range of traditional music. Many forms are indigenous to Japan, and some have been influenced by its neighbors (such as China and Korea).
Traditionally, music in Japan has served many purposes. For example, historically, music was closely tied with religion. Folk songs started off mostly for Shinto rituals. Buddhism also features 声明 (shoumyou), or religious, music-like chanting.
These religious roots influence some classical Japanese music performed today. Classical Japanese music tends to be quite ritualized rather than improvised. It tends to value meditation and mastery rather than individual creative expression.
Imperial courts also significantly developed Japanese classical music since around the 10th century. This genre of imperial court performance music is called 雅楽 (gagaku, literally “elegant music”):
Speaking of the imperial court, did you know that arts were incredibly important to the samurai? This included music! This is because samurai were expected to be educated warriors of high culture. (This, in turn, helped them dominate the government eventually.)
There’s so much more I could tell you about here. But I’ll give you an overview of some main instruments and then look at one genre in-depth: folk music!
Traditional Japanese InstrumentsSo what is traditional Japanese music like? First, here’s an overview of instruments you might hear:
Koto (琴): A long, zither-like instrument with 13 strings that are plucked with the fingers or with picks attached to the fingers. Its music is often characterized by its flowing, melodic sound.Shakuhachi (尺八): A bamboo end-blown flute with five finger holes. The shakuhachi produces an ethereal sound and is often associated with Zen Buddhism as a tool for meditation.Shamisen (三味線): A three-stringed, fretless lute played with a large plectrum. The shamisen is known for its distinct, percussive sound and is used in various traditional Japanese music genres.Sanshin (三線): An Okinawan traditional instrument, resembling a banjo, with a snakeskin-covered body and three strings. It is played with a small plectrum, and its sound is central to Okinawan music.Taiko (太鼓): Taiko refers to a variety of Japanese drums and to the ensemble drumming style. Taiko drums have a mythic status and are often used in festivals and performances to create powerful, rhythmic sounds.Mukkuri (ムックリ): An Ainu traditional instrument similar to a Jew’s harp. It’s made from bamboo and is played by vibrating a thin strip attached to a frame between the lips, creating a distinctive twanging sound.Hichiriki (篳篥): A double-reed wind instrument often used in classical court music. It has a penetrating, reedy sound and is similar in appearance to an oboe.Komabue (高麗笛): A transverse bamboo flute with six finger-holes, used in traditional court music. It has a high-pitched tone and is similar to the Western flute in some ways.Shou (笙): A mouth organ made up of 17 bamboo pipes, each fitted with a metal reed, used in traditional Japanese court music. The sho’s airy sound is said to imitate the call of a phoenix.Biwa (琵琶): A pear-shaped, lute-like stringed instrument with a short neck and four to five strings. It is played with a large plectrum and is often used to accompany storytelling and in traditional music.Japanese Folk MusicJapanese folk music is called 民謡 (min’you). Generally, min’you songs fall into one of five categories:
Workers’ songs (such as farming or fishing songs)Folk music usually features the shamisen, taiko, and shakuhachi. It might have more instruments as accompaniments.
These days, musicians might also integrate electric guitars and synthesizers. This is often used in 演歌 (enka), which is like a modern take on traditional Japanese folk music, dating back to the early 20th century.
There is usually a main singer who might be accompanied by some “backup singers.” These people shout and cheer certain phrases at particular points in the song. This is called 掛け声 (kakegoe)
These kakegoe often differ depending on what region of Japan you’re in. For example, in Okinawan folk music, a common shout is ハイヤ、ササ (haiya, sasa). But on the mainland, you’ll often hear サテ (sate) or ドッコイショー (dokkoishou), like in this song:
(Actually, my university town had a Japanese teacher who was trained in min’you, and I was recruited to be her kakegoe for a few festivals.)
Also worth mentioning is Ainu folk music. Since the Ainu didn’t have an indigenous writing system, they often enjoyed and passed down their culture orally. This includes through music! The two main genres are upopo (linked below), or lighthearted ballads centered on rituals or daily life, and yukar, a type of epic poetry.
Modern Japanese Music: J-Pop and J-RockMany modern genres of music are popular in Japan. These include J-Pop, J-Rock, reggae, jazz, anime music, and video game music. These have heavily adopted Western music styles but sometimes still show traditional influence!
I’ve already mentioned enka, which is like folk music with a mid-1900s twist:
Musicians also might blend traditional indigenous music with a modern flair, such as OKI, an Ainu artist:
Now, the two biggest genres in modern Japanese music are J-Pop (Japanese Pop) and J-Rock (Japanese Rock). These two Japanese music genres became really mainstream around the 1990s. They are rooted in 1960s pop and rock music like the Beatles. You may even hear your favorite J-Pop or J-Rock artist making songs for anime or video games – some, even, rise to fame because of that!
The Top 5 Most Important Modern Japanese Music ArtistsThere are so many artists it’s hard to name all of them, but I’ll give you a rundown of the biggest names in the Japanese music industry you must know for any night out at karaoke!
Hikaru Utada (宇多田ヒカル): Hikaru Utada is a highly influential artist known for her powerful vocals and heartfelt lyrics. With both international and Japanese upbringing, her music has a blend of pop, R&B, and sometimes rock. She skyrocketed to fame in the late 90s and remains iconic with hits like “First Love” and the “Kingdom Hearts” theme songs. She has some songs in English as well, although she never broke into the Western mainstream music scene.Namie Amuro (安室奈美恵): Often called the “Queen of J-Pop,” Namie Amuro has been a defining presence in the Japanese music scene with her stylish music and fashion. Her career spanned over two decades before her retirement in 2018, and she is beloved for her dance-pop and hip-hop hits and her impact on Japanese pop culture.Ayumi Hamasaki (浜崎あゆみ): Dubbed the “Empress of J-Pop,” Ayumi Hamasaki is one of Japan’s best-selling and most prominent music artists. Renowned for her distinctive, powerful voice and fashion-forward image, Hamasaki has influenced the Japanese pop culture landscape since the late 1990s. She is known for her ability to write her own (and I can’t stress this enough) gorgeous lyrics, which often reflect personal experiences, and for the visual flair of her music videos and live performances. She’s my absolute favorite J-Pop artist, and since I’m biased, I’ll give you two songs for her:X Japan (エックス・ジャパン): X Japan is considered a pioneer of the visual kei genre (think androgynous looks, including dramatic hair and makeup) and one of the most influential rock bands in Japanese history. Formed in the mid-1980s by drummer and pianist YOSHIKI and lead vocalist Toshi, X Japan’s music is a fusion of heavy metal, hard rock, and classical music. Known for their elaborate stage shows and the members’ flamboyant costumes, they garnered a cult following that turned into mainstream success. With chart-topping hits like “Kurenai” and “Endless Rain,” X Japan maintains a legendary status even after years of hiatus and lineup changes.GACKT (ガクト): With his versatile vocal range and flamboyant stage presence, GACKT is an artist who has built a career as a successful solo musician after his time with the band Malice Mizer. His music style ranges from rock to pop, and he is also known for his work as an actor and author.Idol GroupsNow, I can’t talk about modern Japanese music without mentioning idol groups. This is a common subgroup of J-Pop and J-Rock, and the most popular ones are AKB48 and Arashi (嵐). These are sort of like girl and boy bands that were popular in the West particularly in the 90s and early 2000s, although they’re not quite the same.
Perhaps quite pessimistically, “idols” are entertainers who don’t necessarily need to have any particular talent in their entertainment industry. Rather, they sell for their manufactured and often carefully controlled image, personality, and attractiveness.
So, even though many idols sing and dance in music groups, idols aren’t actually expected to have a high level of professional skill or talent. They’re not my cup of tea, but they’re big money in Japan.
The Popularity of Physical Music Media in JapanIt might sound odd, but physical music media, including CDs, vinyl records, and special editions, continue to sell well in Japan. This is for several reasons:
Collector’s Culture: Japanese consumers have a strong collector’s mindset, enjoying the ownership of tangible goods. Physical media often come with extras like photobooks, posters, and other collectibles, which are highly valued by fans. This is related to:Limited Editions and Exclusivity: Limited edition releases and bonus items exclusive to the physical versions of music albums encourage purchases. They can include special artwork, additional tracks, or merchandise that can’t be obtained through digital purchases. With this in mind, I must mention:Incentives and Promotions: The Japanese music industry often uses handshake events, photo events, or lottery tickets for exclusive goods or experiences as incentives. Fans purchase physical albums to participate, leading to higher sales. You see this as a major facet of idol culture in particular. And next up:Chart Influence: Physical sales in Japan weigh heavily in music chart rankings. Artists and fans often strive for a strong chart showing, which can lead to buying multiple versions of singles and albums to support their favorite artists. Now, lastly:Cultural Habits: Unlike many Western markets, where digital streaming has taken over, Japan still has a divide between those who have embraced streaming services and those who prefer physical formats, which include older generations less inclined toward the use of digital services. Although Japan has a reputation of being a technological giant, a lot of technology we use in the West every day has still not taken as strong of a hold in Japan.Quite a different culture, no?
Language Learning with Japanese LyricsUsing Japanese songs can really help you learn the language! Here are some of the major benefits of listening to Japanese music:
Listening Practice: Songs provide excellent listening practice, helping you to become accustomed to the natural flow and rhythm of the language. You’ll improve your ability to distinguish and understand words in context.Vocabulary Acquisition: Music often uses repetitive choruses and verses, making it easier to pick up new vocabulary. You can learn words thematically based on the song’s subject.Pronunciation Aid: Mimicking the pronunciation of the singer can improve your accent and intonation. Singing along helps with practicing difficult sounds and syllables.Grammar and Sentence Structure: By analyzing the lyrics, you can observe how sentences are structured and how different grammar points are used in context.Memory Boost: Music can act as a mnemonic device. The catchy melodies can help you remember phrases and vocabulary better than rote memorization.So pay attention to the lyrics, maybe peek at a translation, and don’t be afraid to belt out your favorite song at karaoke!
Japanese Music: Listen and Sing to FluencyThe music scene in Japan is broad and booming, so I hope with this article you found an artist you like or know where to look next!
Whether you want to listen to your favorite songs to relax, join Japanese friends in karaoke, or attend a concert in Japan, listening to Japanese music will help you take your language learning to the next level!
Why learning a language is like learning a musical instrumentSing Your Baby Bilingual! How to Teach Your Baby a Second Language Through Songs and MusicBenny's 2011 music videoLanguage Mentors #2: Michele Frolla – “Polyglots Aren't Born with a Special Language Gene”7 reasons why you should sing to learn languagesThe post Japanese Music: Your In-Depth Guide appeared first on Fluent in 3 Months.
May 13, 2024
10 Chinese Youtube Videos and Channels to Boost Your Chinese Vocabulary
Using native content to learn a foreign language is critical to your success as a language learner. Usually you learn the alphabet before immersing yourself in native YouTube videos, but learning a language like Chinese, which doesn’t use an alphabet, is different from learning a language like French.
Watching videos in Chinese is priceless for your listening and reading skills. With the growing number of Chinese content creators using YouTube as their platform, it’s getting easier and easier to find native content for learning Chinese. You now have cooking, gaming, crafting and many other videos for you to practice listening skills along with captions, transcripts and subtitles to practice reading skills.
This guide provides help with finding Chinese videos to watch, tips for using YouTube subtitles, and Chinese video recommendations you could use as a starting point. Have fun boosting your Chinese vocabulary!
function runSplitTest(){var randomNumber = Math.floor(Math.random() * 2) + 1console.log(randomNumber)var copy = "";if (randomNumber == 3){ copy = '<i>A note from the Fluent in 3 Months team before we get started: You can chat away in a new language for at least 15 minutes with the "Fluent in 3 Months" method. All it takes is 90 days. <a href="https://www.fluentin3months.com/other... this link to find out more.</a></i>'} else { copy = '<i>A note from the Fluent in 3 Months team before we get started: You can chat away with a native speaker for at least 15 minutes with the "Fluent in 3 Months" method. All it takes is 90 days. <a href="https://www.fluentin3months.com/other... this link to find out more.</a></i>'}var copyToChange = document.querySelector("p.copyText").innerHTML = copy;}runSplitTest();Table of contentsHow to Search for Chinese YouTube VideosHow to Translate YouTube Subtitles into Another LanguageChinese YouTube Channels1. Vidol TV2. TGOP (This Group Of People)3. iQIYI 爱奇艺4. 李子柒 Liziqi5. 曼食慢语 Amanda Tastes6. Chinese with Mandarin HQ7. 老高與小茉 Mr & Mrs Gao8. JO Channel9. Thomas 阿福10. Mandarin CornerChina’s Versions of YouTubeHow to Search for Chinese YouTube VideosTo search for and watch YouTube videos in Chinese, you have three basic options:
Option 1
Type in “learn Chinese” or “learn Mandarin Chinese” into the YouTube search bar. You will find results made for English-speakers and beginners. A lot of videos about how to learn Chinese will also show up.
Option 2
Type in “xue zhongwen” into the YouTube search bar. YouTube, and even Google, is pretty good at guessing the tones and Chinese characters you are trying to type using an English keyboard. You will mostly find results tailored for children and beginners. A few videos for intermediate learners will also show up.
Option 3
Type in whatever you’re looking for in Chinese into the YouTube search bar. For example, if you’re looking for gaming videos, you can type “游戏,” “you2 xi4” or even just “youxi” into the search bar. By doing this, you’ll find exactly the content you’re looking for, but some of the results may be too easy or too advanced for your level.
If you don’t know the word for the content you’re looking for, ask a Chinese-speaker or use an online translating tool. Most of the time, translating tools like Google Translate are accurate for looking up one word.
How to Translate YouTube Subtitles into Another LanguageWhen a YouTube video offers subtitles or captions, you can hover over the bottom of the video and click the rectangle with “cc” in the middle. This will turn on closed captioning (cc), which shows subtitles.
If you need the YouTube video to show subtitles or captions for a different language, you can click the gear icon next to cc, called settings. It will show a menu where you can click Subtitles/CC and be presented with all the human-translated captioning options.
If the options do not offer the language you need, you can click “Auto-translate,” which will offer machine-translated captions for the language of your choice. The translations are not the most accurate, but can provide you with an idea of what is being said in the video.
To find the transcript for your video, click on the ellipsis or icon with three dots next to the “like,” “dislike,” and “share” buttons. It will display a menu, and you can click on “Show transcript.” It will show you the captions with timestamps, so you can take your time reading the captions or jump to a different location in the video.
Not all YouTube videos come with captions, subtitles or transcripts. You can try using browser extensions, such as Language Reactor, but they vary in quality, effectiveness and reliability.
Chinese YouTube ChannelsPlease keep in mind that the internet changes, so online videos are added and deleted all the time. Content creators may also add subtitles for more languages or change their content. Last, Chinese isn’t only spoken in China, so some of the creators below speak Chinese but have based their channel elsewhere, such as in Malaysia or the United States.
1. Vidol TVVidol TV offers dramas, variety shows and live broadcasts to watch. If you’re into romance, there are plenty of options along with some animal, sports, comedy, talk shows and game shows.
If you’re into learning about celebrities, I recommend their “exclusive interview” series Vidol 獨家專訪 (dú jiā zhuān fǎng). Their “entertainment – big and small things” series 娛樂大小事 (yú lè dà xiǎo shì) offer a variety of shorter videos, such as 影帝吳慷仁到底多會演？ or “can film ruler Wu Kangren perform more in the end?” which also features many other celebrities.
Their videos are more suitable for upper intermediate and advanced learners because of the many accents you may hear. Lots of their videos come with traditional Chinese subtitles. You can learn all kinds of words from these videos, so find some videos you like and learn words that show off your personality.
2. TGOP (This Group Of People)Another YouTube channel from Taiwan, TGOP produces videos featuring jokes and comedy skits. Their videos are very popular with young adults and usually focus on pointing out the humor in everyday situations, so beginners will know some of the vocabulary they use.
Their videos are fast-paced however, so they better suit intermediate learners and would be useful as listening practice. All videos feature traditional Chinese subtitles, and most also have English subtitles. To start out, I recommend “classic quotations for shopping” or 購物的經典語錄 gòu wù de jīng diǎn yǔ lù.
3. iQIYI 爱奇艺“iQIYI” or 爱奇艺 (ài qí yì), located in Singapore, offers films and TV shows with multilingual subtitles. They mostly post clips, overviews and trailers on their YouTube channel, but they also post full episodes for a few of their series. Their channel is helpful for finding newer content to watch.
They provide subtitles using both traditional and simplified Chinese characters. Here’s a clip from episode eight of one of their popular series called “Bright Eyes in the Dark” in English: 他从火光中走. These characters are read as tā cóng huǒ guāng zhōng zǒu and literally mean “he walked in the fire.”
Historical dramas are popular in China, with most stories starting out as books before becoming TV series. If you choose to watch these, you’ll end up learning some frequently-used words, such as 等等 or 情緒, but you’ll also learn some rarely-used and highly-specific words, such as 暫停 or 假惺惺. Yet you will learn so much about the Chinese culture and heritage.
For example, I’ve spent so many hours watching 苍兰诀 (cāng lán jué) or “Love Between Fairy and Devil.” I took an interest in the food flower cake that the two lead characters were baking together, and so did many other fans of the show. Chinese netizen Hu Meiniang soon posted how she made the snacks on Weibo so the rest of us could learn.
4. 李子柒 LiziqiLi Ziqi or 李子柒 (lǐ zǐ qī) focuses on handicrafts, food and the cultural heritage of China. She is one of the leaders of Chinese YouTube, with subscribers and fans all over the world. She provides subtitles in English and many other languages.
Her content shows you Chinese characters on the screen, so it’s useful for learning the Chinese names of ingredients and items and for learning about Chinese lifestyles and culture. This way, you’ll mostly learn vocabulary related to recipes, crafts and family. It will be difficult to look up the words, because her videos don’t tell you how the characters are pronounced or written.
She made a helpful special program on traditional Chinese snacks for the New Year 年货小零食特辑 -花生瓜子糖葫芦，肉干果脯雪花酥.
5. 曼食慢语 Amanda TastesAmanda Tastes or 曼食慢语 (màn shí màn yǔ) is a food blogger in Shanghai who teaches cooking and recipes. Her viewers come from all over the globe. In this video, she teaches viewers how to make a matcha mousse cake.
She provides Chinese subtitles for her videos, and most of her videos also offer captions in English. She uses simplified Chinese characters, and her videos use simple vocabulary with lots of repetition, making her videos useful for beginners.
6. Chinese with Mandarin HQMandarin HQ provides videos, often less than 15 minutes, that show and explain how Chinese is used in everyday life. Based in the United States, they cater to English-speakers who are learning Mandarin. Their videos explain grammar, characters, pronunciation and expressions.
Their content is sorted by topics, so you can easily find and focus on topics you know you need more practice with. Many of their videos also clearly say each word and move at a slow-pace, so all learners can follow along. This is a quick way to pick up practical and frequently-used vocabulary words.
Their videos are ideal for beginners and intermediate learners, covering everything from pronunciation to real-life dialogue. They offer both English and Chinese subtitles, using simplified Chinese characters. For example, here is a video on common expressions to say when receiving a gift.
7. 老高與小茉 Mr & Mrs GaoBased in Singapore, Mr. and Mrs. Gao or 老高與小茉 (lǎo gāo yǔ xiǎo mò) upload content involving things they find interesting, such as their reactions to popular media and palm reading techniques. Their channel covers a lot of topics and provides you insight into how others react to current events, pop culture and media. Their videos are longer, around 20 to 40 minutes each, and are mostly scripted but still conversational.
Most viewers enjoy their science content. One of their more popular videos, 前往地球中心的旅行，超出你想象的地下世界, talks about how they would “travel to the center of the earth, beyond the underground world you imagine.” They provide traditional Chinese subtitles.
I recommend this channel to at least upper-intermediate learners, because their videos use topic-specific language. If you’re really interested in their topics, you can quickly learn vocabulary that’s relevant to you, though.
8. JO ChannelThe JO Channel offers videos with toy unboxing and parent-child games and activities. Their videos offer dialogue between the family members, which is fairly simple and has useful, common vocabulary, along with lots of context. This makes their videos suitable for beginners.
Families liked their “The Floor is Lava” video. 地上有岩漿短劇~爸爸和孩子們的故事！ literally translates to “Lava is on the ground skit – a dad and children’s narrative.” Their channel is based in Malaysia, and they provide both English and traditional Chinese subtitles.
9. Thomas阿福Showing places in both China and Germany, Thomas Afu’s videos feature challenges, cultural aspects, food and travel, life stories, and his weight-loss journey. His videos are inspired by his life in a multicultural Chinese-German family. I liked the natural interactions in his food tour video in Xi’an, West China.
His videos feature a lot of real dialogue, so they are suitable for all levels of Chinese learners. You’ll learn some slang words and hear everyday vocabulary words at a natural speed and blend. Most of his videos are in Chinese, but a few are in English or German.
10. Mandarin CornerMandarin Corner’s videos feature dialogues and conversations, grammar explanations, audio podcasts with transcripts and short HSK video courses. Their topic-based videos cover opinion-based questions, interviews and some bold topics. Their channel is useful for all levels of Chinese learners, including those relearning Chinese after a long break.
Chinese learners can benefit from the more immersive environment, and if you’re planning to take the HSK test, Mandarin Corner covers HSK vocabulary and casual conversations. If you’re an intermediate or advanced learner, I’d recommend their HSK Level 6 video “What is Kung Fu Really Like in China?”. They offer English, pinyin and Chinese subtitles, and they focus on simplified Chinese characters.
Would you like even more Chinese videos to watch?
China’s Versions of YouTubeContent creators post Chinese videos on plenty of other platforms. If you’re searching for more Chinese language content to watch, you can check out popular video platforms used in China. If you’re specifically looking for Chinese videos for children or beginners, then check out this list of child-friendly cartoons with links to where you can watch them.
If you want to watch Chinese videos, but you don’t want to spend time finding them, there are courses that have lots of videos pre-selected for you. For example, if you’re interested in learning conversational Chinese, I recommend checking out the review that advanced Chinese learner Shannon Kennedy posted about YoYo Chinese. YoYo Chinese created a mostly video-based course that’ll let you pick up Chinese naturally through dialogues with brief explanations and study materials.
Now you have an excuse to spend time watching YouTube videos by using them to practice listening and reading Chinese. Have fun watching and learning!
The simple guide to adding captions/subtitles to Youtube videos: My 2.5 month Mandarin videoBenny's first video attempt in Mandarin: 2 weeks after startingBenny travels China: the real point of the mission to speak Mandarin as quickly as possible33 Free Online Chinese Language Lessons and ResourcesWhy French Is Easy: How to Understand Spoken FrenchThe post 10 Chinese Youtube Videos and Channels to Boost Your Chinese Vocabulary appeared first on Fluent in 3 Months.
May 10, 2024
Months in French: A Guide to Mastering the French Calendar
Months in French are similar to English. Learners often pick them up pretty quickly. But what about the pronunciation, spelling, and cultural significance of French months?
When I was studying in Lyon, France, I was part of the international student association. I got to attend some cool cultural events — I ate delicious crêpes during la Chandeleur, visited Christmas Markets in the city centre, and enjoyed Christmas dinner with a French family who was super kind to host me. While having these amazing experiences, I became fluent in French and lived my best French months!
In this article, I’ll start by covering the months’ names in French and move on with what happens in each month.
function runSplitTest(){var randomNumber = Math.floor(Math.random() * 2) + 1console.log(randomNumber)var copy = "";if (randomNumber == 3){ copy = '<i>A note from the Fluent in 3 Months team before we get started: You can chat away in French for at least 15 minutes with the "Fluent in 3 Months" method. All it takes is 90 days. <b><a href="https://fluentin3months.com/challenge... this link to find out more.</b></a></i>'} else { copy = '<i>Editor's note: Before we get started, if you’re looking for an online French course, here’s the course we recommend: <a href="https://www.fluentin3months.com/olly-... Uncovered - Learn French Through the Power of Story</b></a>, a course with a fascinating new method by Olly Richards. You can try it for free for 7 days!</i>'}console.log(copy)var copyToChange = document.querySelector("p.copyText").innerHTML = copy;}runSplitTest();Table of contentsThe Months of the Year in French: Les Mois de l’AnnéePronunciation of Les Mois de l’AnnéeExample Sentences Featuring Months in FrenchOther Ways of Practising French MonthsFrench Cultural Events in Each MonthJanvierFévrierMarsAvril-MaiJuinJuilletAoût-SeptembreOctobre-NovembreDécembreLearn and Live French Months!The Months of the Year in French: Les Mois de l’AnnéeHere’s a list of all the 12 months in French:
Janvier: “January”Février: “February”Mars: “March”Avril: “April”Mai: “May”Juin: “June”Juillet: “July”Août: “August”Septembre: “September”Octobre: “October”Novembre: “November”Décembre: “December”
As you may have noticed, French months look and sound a lot like their English counterparts. That’s thanks to the shared Latin roots of these words. This might make it easier to remember the words, although you’ll still need to pay attention to their pronunciations and spelling. More on that soon!
Pronunciation of Les Mois de l’AnnéeAlthough they are similar to the English months, French months have distinct pronunciations. For example, the ai in mai sounds like the “e” in “bed,” and not like the “ay” sound in the English “May.”
And août — although it has three vowels, it only produces a “oo” sound similar to the “oo” in “boot.”
Here is the International Phonetic Alphabet pronunciation of each month:
Janvier: (/ʒɑ̃vje/)Février: (/fevʀije/)Mars: (/maʀs/)Avril: (/avʀil/)Mai: (/mɛ/)Juin: (/ʒɥɛ̃/)Juillet: (/ʒɥijɛ/)Août: (/u(t)/)Septembre: (/sɛptɑ̃bʀ/)Octobre: (/ɔktɔbʀ/)Novembre: (/nɔvɑ̃bʀ/)Décembre: (/desɑ̃bʀ/)
Make sure to listen to their pronunciations and repeat them out loud. This way, you’ll improve your French pronunciation quickly. Take a look at our favourite French resources for some inspiration.
Example Sentences Featuring Months in FrenchNow that you know the months’ names in French, let’s practise them with some questions and prompts.
Quel est ton mois préféré?: “What is your favorite month?”J’adore novembre car le Beaujolais nouveau arrive en novembre. “I love November because the new Beaujolais wine arrives in November.”J’aime bien mars parce que c’est mon anniversaire: “I like March because it’s my birthday.”C’est quand ton anniversaire?: “When is your birthday?”Mon anniversaire est en juillet: “My birthday is in July.”Quand est-ce que vous partez en vacances?: “When do you go on vacation?”On part en vacances en août.: “We go on vacation in August.”Quel mois préfères-tu pour voyager?: “Which month do you prefer for travelling?”J’aime bien voyager en octobre. Les températures sont agréables et il y a moins de touristes: “I like to travel in October. The temperatures are pleasant, and there are fewer tourists.”Quel mois es-tu le plus occupé(e)?: “In which month are you the busiest?”Je suis le plus occupé(e) en septembre parce que mes cours commencent: “I am the busiest in September because my classes start.”Quel mois est le plus chaud dans ton pays?: “What is the warmest month in your country?”Juillet est le mois le plus chaud: “July is the warmest month.”Notice how the preposition “en” is used in French to say “in” before the months. Also, all French months are masculine. This means that you’ll need to make your adjective agreements accordingly. For example, in le mois de février est froid (“the month of February is cold”), froid is written in the masculine form.
Unlike English, French months are always written in lowercase unless they’re in the beginning of a sentence.
Other Ways of Practising French MonthsSet your smartphone and your computer to French. This way, you’ll see months every time you check your devices. 30 days per year — not bad!Speak as much as possible. We talk about months all the time while discussing everyday topics. It may even be useful for small talk. Start by saying Février a été plus froid que janvier, “February was colder than January,” and see where classic weather small talk takes you!Embrace French culture. Learning the months by heart isn’t difficult but what about actually living them as the French would do? French food is your perfect starting point. Let’s start with the very first week of January, which is the time for galette de roi, known in English as “king cake.” A round flaky pastry, galette de roi has a fève (a small trinket) hidden inside. Everyone takes a slice, and the person who discovers it becomes le roi (“the king”) or la reine (“the queen”). Why not try and organise a galette de roi this January?French Cultural Events in Each MonthCulture shapes language, and French is no exception. For example, Poisson d’avril is the French expression for “April Fools Day.” Poisson is “fish” in French, so for April Fools, French children often make paper fish and stick it on their classmates’ backs! Let’s take a look at what else happens in each month.
JanvierIn January, there’s Jour de l’An, “New Year’s Day.” It’s a public holiday. Right after New Year’s Day, for the Epiphany, it’s time to choose the kings and the queens. In other words, it’s time for galette du roi.
FévrierLa Saint Valentin or “Valentine’s Day” is the perfect opportunity to say “je t’aime” to your loved one. On the second of February, there’s la Chandeleur, “Candlemas.” It’s customary to eat crêpes, both sweet and savoury.
MarsCarnivals in Nice and Dunkirk start in January and February, and last well into March. Every year, there are colorful shows, glamorous floats, and parades.
Avril-MaiPoisson d’Avril: time to plan a prank and have a good laugh with (or at!) your friends. The weather also starts getting warmer, so it’s perfect to go to a park to enjoy some French wine and cheese over a picnic.
JuinCelebrated on June 21st, La Fête de la Musique (“World Music Day”) was created by the French culture department in 1982. Today, over 100 countries celebrate it with free concerts. Both professional and amateur musicians sing and play, as music unites everyone around them.
JuilletJuly 14th marks Bastille Day, which is France’s national day, commemorating the French Revolution. You’ll see parades, fireworks, and parties throughout the country.
Août-SeptembreAs summer ends, students go back to school in September. In French, this period is called la rentrée.
Octobre-NovembreAnother public holiday, La Toussaint is French for “All Saints’ Day.”
DécembreDecember means Christmas, and of course, Christmas markets, marchés de Noël. Get in the festive vibes as you warm up with some vin chaud (“mulled wine”) or chocolat chaud (“hot chocolate”). Strasbourg, a city in France’s Alsace region, is known as the Capital of Christmas.
Learn and Live French Months!Whether you change your phone’s language to French or you book a flight to Paris to enjoy the World Music Day, immersing yourself in French months will be fun. Go beyond memorising janvier, février, mars… and enjoy the experience!'
How I learned to speak Arabic while living in BrazilLearning Egyptian Arabic to fluency in 3 months… in Brazil! Benny's new language mission!Summer Spanish! 97 Spanish Words and Phrases to Talk About the Beach in SpanishDays of the Week in Japanese: A Simple GuideWhy French Is Easy: How to Understand Spoken FrenchThe post Months in French: A Guide to Mastering the French Calendar appeared first on Fluent in 3 Months.
May 3, 2024
47 Japanese Proverbs about Life, Love, and Wisdom to Inspire You (with English translations)
Japanese proverbs and idioms are filled with ancient wisdom. And some of them you may have already heard and didn’t know they originated from Japan!
These Japanese proverbs are called ことわざ (kotowaza). They can come in straight-forward sayings or be as philosophical as one of Uncle Iroh’s from Avatar: The Last Airbender.
It makes sense that everyone’s favorite Pai Sho player likes to speak wisdom through old Japanese proverbs and Chinese sayings. In fact, Iroh and the Fire Nation are based on Chinese/Japanese traditions and history.
(Plus, he was voiced by Mako Iwamatsu, a brilliant Japanese-American actor.)
If you’d like to level up your wisdom with Japanese quotes, you’ve come to the right place.
Here you’ll find tons of Japanese proverbs with English translations, to help bring out your inner philosopher.
Now just how many Japanese proverbs are there? Quite a lot!
We’ll cover:
Japanese Wisdom in Proverbs (The 3 Forms of Japanese Wisdom Sayings)Japanese Proverbs About LifeJapanese Proverbs About LoveJapanese Proverbs About FriendshipJapanese Proverbs About PerseveranceJapanese Proverbs About War and AngerJapanese Proverbs About Deathfunction runSplitTest(){var randomNumber = Math.floor(Math.random() * 2) + 1console.log(randomNumber)var copy = "";if (randomNumber == 3){ copy = '<i>A note from the Fluent in 3 Months team before we get started: You can chat away in Japanese for at least 15 minutes with the "Fluent in 3 Months" method. All it takes is 90 days. <b><a href="https://fluentin3months.com/challenge... this link to find out more.</b></a></i>'} else { copy = '<i>Editor's note: Before we get started, if you’re looking for an online Japanese course, here’s the course we recommend: <a href="https://www.fluentin3months.com/olly-... Uncovered - Learn Japanese Through the Power of Story</b></a>, a course with a fascinating new method by Olly Richards. You can try it for free for 7 days!</i>'}console.log(copy)var copyToChange = document.querySelector("p.copyText").innerHTML = copy;}runSplitTest();Japanese Wisdom in Proverbs (The 3 Forms of Japanese Wisdom Sayings)There are many old Japanese sayings steeped in the country’s history, culture, and innate wisdom.
These Japanese proverbs come in three forms: 言い習わし (iinarawashi), 四字熟語 (yojijukugo), and 慣用句 (kan’youku).
Iinarawashi are short sayings and bits of wisdom.
Yojijukugo are four-character idioms. They consist of only four kanji characters to create the saying. These can be the hardest to grasp sometimes for learners.
(By the way, if you’re interested in mastering more Japanese numbers, check out our article about counting in Japanese!)
Kan’youku are idiomatic phrases, but they’re longer than yojijukugo.
What’s the difference? I like to compare these styles of Japanese proverbs to other proverbial-styles you may know.
They’re all very similar, but with some nuanced differences.
Iinarawashi would be the proverbs most like something Iroh from Avatar would say.
Yojijukugo sound a bit more like Master Yoda from Star Wars.
And last, kan’youku are the ones that seem most like Confuscious’ style.
But really, it doesn’t matter much which style the proverbs are in. The important part is understanding their meaning, and learning from them!
Japanese proverbs can be quite advanced! Here’s me challenging myself to level up my Japanese, too. Japanese Proverbs About LifeHow do the Japanese view society and nature? You’ll get a sneak peek through these Japanese quotes about life!
井の中の蛙大海を知らず (i no naka no kawazu taikai wo shirazu) English Translation: “A frog in a well knows nothing of the sea.”
This famous Japanese quote means someone sees the world through their limited perspective. They’re quick to judge and think very big of themselves. It’s used to remind someone that there are things bigger than them in the world.
水に流す (mizu ni nagasu) English Translation: “The water flows.”
This Japanese proverb is like the English expression “water under the bridge.” It means to forgive and forget, and let things go.
口は災いの元 (kuchi wa wazawai no moto) English translation: “The mouth is the source of disaster.”
Running our mouths tends to get us into trouble, doesn’t it? The saying is a reminder to, more or less, shut your trap. Because sometimes, it’s better to not say anything at all.
自業自得 (jigoujitoku) English Translation: “Self-work, self-profit.”
Depending on how this phrase is used, it could mean something more positive like “you get what you give” or “hard work pays off.”
But most of the time, it’s used negatively to mean “what goes around comes around”. Because karma.
知らぬが仏 (shiranu ga hotoke) English Translation: “Not knowing is Buddha” or “ignorance is bliss”
I love this Japanese idiom. It might seem confusing at first, but let me explain. Buddha here represents nirvana – the state of enlightenment. To be in a state of enlightenment, you have to give up earthly concerns and be at peace.
So, not knowing is peaceful. Ignorance is bliss.
出る杭は打たれる (derukui wa utareru) English Translation: “The nail that sticks out is struck.”
This one is so culturally unique to Japan.
Japanese society is a collectivist country, meaning people are expected to work together for the greater good of all. While that’s a good thing, it can also lead to a lot of conformity and resistance to change.
This saying means “When you stick out, you’re likely to get criticized.” Those who try to be different in Japan often meet with a lot of resistance. So, this phrase is quite common.
花より団子 (hana yori dango) English Translation: “Dumplings over flowers” or “substance over style”
This is the name of one of my FAVORITE Japanese dramas of all time, based on the manga. It’s named that because the whole premise centers on a character who doesn’t care at all about wealth and style.
Basically, it’s someone who would prefer a practical gift over a beautiful one. Someone who is more pragmatic than superficial.
Because you can eat a dumpling and not be hungry anymore. Flowers are only to look at.
案ずるより産むが易し (anzuru yori umu ga yasushi) English Translation: “It’s easier to give birth than to think about it.”
Basically, this means “don’t worry about it.” It’s easy to stress over the future, but often what we worry so much about is easier than we think it will be.
花鳥風月 (kachou fuugetsu) English Translation: “The beauties of nature.”
This one is really interesting. The kanji each represent one beautiful aspect of nature:
花: “Flower”鳥: “Bird”風: “Wind”月: “Moon”But together, it represents the beauty of everything around us. It serves as a reminder to enjoy the great outdoors.
二兎を追う者は一兎をも得ず。(nito wo oumono wa itto wo mo ezu.) English translation: “Those who chase two hares won’t even catch one.”
There’s an episode of Parks & Recreation (one of my favorite shows) where Ron Swanson gives some advice to Lesley Knope. He says, “Never half-ass two things. Whole-ass one thing.”
Great life advice from brilliant life philosopher, Swanson-sensei.
This proverb means the same thing. When your focus is divided, you’ll fail to succeed at either.
見ぬが花 (minu ga hana) English translation: “Not seeing is a flower,” “Reality is never as good as your imagination”
This is one of those Japanese proverbs that would be confusing to hear without context.
The idea is, you can picture how beautiful the flower will be when it blooms… But often your imagination builds up the beauty of this flower and the reality doesn’t compare.
猫に小判 (neko ni koban) English translation: “Gold coins to a cat.”
This saying refers to giving something of value to someone who does not appreciate it. The English equivalent would be “casting pearls before swine.” I prefer the image of giving gold to a cat. No animal seems more indifferent than a cat.
Even if you’re a beginner in Japanese, you might already notice some familiar words, like “cat” and “flower”! Some words in Japanese proverbs are actually the most common ones – check out more at our article about the most common Japanese words!
Japanese Proverbs About LoveThe Japanese aren’t regarded as the most romantic cultures today, but don’t get them wrong – they’ve known how to do romance since times of yore! Check out these Japanese love proverbs to learn more wisdom from their thousands of years of romance.
酒は本心を表す (sake wa honshin wo arawasu) English Translation: “Sake shows true feelings.”
The word 本心 (honshin) means “true heart” or “true feelings.” So this phrase means that what’s said while drinking is often how a person truly feels.
A mumbled 大好き (daisuki, “I love you”) while drinking isn’t just the sake talking!
異体同心 (itai doushin) English Translation: “Two bodies, same heart.”
When a couple gets married, it’s often said that “two become one.” That’s the same idea here!
It could be used to say someone is your soulmate or to describe the union of love.
以心伝心 (ishindenshin) English Translation: “Heart to heart.”
This yojijukugo phrase means “heart to heart” or to share your true heart’s emotions to connect with someone else.
磯 の アワビ (iso no awabi) English Translation: “An abalone on the shore” or “unrequited love”
Abalone is a type of marine snail, and they’re extremely rare. There’s a Japanese song about a man who dives in the sea looking for abalone is in a one-sided romance.
So, this phrase came to mean “unrequited love.”
恋とせきとは隠されぬ。(koi to seki to wa kakusarenu) English Translation: “Love and a cough cannot be hidden.”
Like when you’re sick and you can’t suppress a cough, love can’t be hidden. It’s always obvious when someone’s in love!
惚れた病に薬なし (horeta yamai ni kusuri nashi) English Translation: “There’s no medicine for falling in love.”
Horeta means “to fall in love”. Yamai means “disease.” And kusuri nashi means “there’s no medicine” or “there’s no cure.”
Together, it means there’s nothing that can fix love-sickness.
Japanese Proverbs About FriendshipWhat does fish have to do with friendship? Well, the Japanese have them connected!
鯛も一人はうまからず (taimo hitori wa umakarazu) English Translation: “Even a sea bream loses its flavor when eaten alone.”
Sea bream is considered to be one of the tastiest fish, and it’s often eaten whole with others as a shared family dish.
So even though sea bream is delicious, eating it alone isn’t good.
This saying shows Japan’s emphasis on shared meals with friends and family, and how it’s always better to eat food with those you care about.
八方美人 (happou bijin) English Translation: “Everybody’s friend.”
This isn’t a positive idiom, but rather, to describe someone who tries to please everyone. They try to be everyone’s friend, and so they’re not loyal to anyone.
Japanese Proverbs About PerseveranceLearning Japanese takes perseverance – as do many other things in life. Here you can find some great proverbs to keep you motivated!
継続は力なり。 (keizoku wa chikara nari) English Translation: “Continuing on is power,” or “don’t give up.”
Even when things get hard, pushing through leads to power and strength. That’s why this Japanese proverb means, “There’s strength in continuing on. Don’t give up.”
七転び八起き (nana korobi ya oki) English Translation: “Fall seven times, get up eight.”
This is definitely one of the most famous Japanese sayings. You’ve probably heard the English version: “If at first you don’t succeed, try and try again.” It’s another phrase that means “don’t give up!”
猿も木から落ちる (saru mo ki kara ochiru) English Translation: “Even monkeys fall from trees.”
If monkeys can fall from trees, even the great can fail. This phrase means, “nobody’s perfect, but keep trying anyway.”
It’s perfect to tell a friend if they’re struggling with failure to encourage them to keep trying.
明日は明日の風が吹く (ashita wa ashita no kaze ga fuku) English translations: “Tomorrow’s winds will blow tomorrow.”
This Japanese saying means, “tomorrow’s another day” and to not worry about the future. I love this beautiful proverb – it’s so much more elegant than the English version!
三日坊主 (mikka bouzu) English Translation: “A monk for 3 days.”
This expression describes someone who’s an inconsistent worker or lacks the determination to see something through. They’re like the person who chooses to be a monk and gives up after only 3 days.
石の上にも三年 (ishi no ue nimo san’nen) English Translation: “3 years on a stone.”
If you stay consistent and stick with it through hard times, eventually things will change. That’s the meaning behind this Japanese proverb.
Think of the stone as your strength and perseverance foundation. If you continue to sit there and stick with it, things will slowly get better.
雨降って地固まる (ame futte chikatamaru) English Translation: “When it rains, earth hardens” or “Adversity builds character”
This one especially sounds like a proverb you’d find in Avatar: The Last Airbender. In English, we have a couple of similar proverbs: “what doesn’t kill you makes you stronger” and “the calm after the storm.”
This has a similar vibe. When you weather the storm, you become stronger for it. The earth hardens after a rain, and so you will grow stronger through a difficult situation.
By the way, these proverbs about perseverance will be sure to come in handy while you learn Japanese!
Learning Japanese proverbs will help you master the language. Here are more tips from Japanese expert John Fotheringham on how to have fun mastering Japanese! Japanese Proverbs About War and AngerWhat are some Japanese proverbs about tough times? A long history of samurai culture means that Japanese has some great proverbs about anger and war! Here’s how to deal with enemies in fools, according to the Japanese.
四面楚歌 (shimensoka) English Translation: “Surrounded by enemies.”
A yojijukugo phase, which can also have a nuance of “being betrayed by everyone around you.” Talk about being in enemy territory!
あほに取り合うばか (aho ni toriau naka) English Translation: “Only a fool deals with a fool.”
Have you heard the English saying, “Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me”? Well, this Japanese saying has a bit of nuance like that.
The word aho in Japanese is stronger than the word for baka, but they both mean “idiot.” So it’s saying you’re a greater fool for trying to fight with a fool.
相手のない喧嘩はできない (aite no nai kenka wa dekinai) English Translation: “You can’t fight without an opponent.”
This proverb means basically the same thing as “it takes two to tango.” There can’t be a fight without both parties, so neither party is innocent.
悪戦苦闘 (akusenkutou) English Translation: “An uphill battle.”
This idiom can also mean “a hard fight” or “struggle” – anything where the odds are against you, and it’ll be difficult to overcome!
猪突猛進 (chototsumoushin) English Translation: “Charge headlong.”
It’s funny because this saying is calling someone a “wild boar”. But that’s how boars act, isn’t it? They’re stubborn and charge head-first.
You may hear this one, too: 猪突猛進ガール (chototsumoushin ga-ru), or “headstrong girl.”
因果応報 (inga ouhou) English Translation: “Bad causes, bad result”, “karma” or “what goes around comes around”
The meaning of this Japanese proverb is literally “cause and effect retribution.” So, when you do something bad, bad things will happen. You know what they say about karma.
負けるが勝ち (makeru ga kachi) English Translation: “To lose is to win.”
Ever feel like it’s a lose-lose situation? Well, that’s where this proverb comes in. The wisdom it shares says that it’s sometimes better to lose and avoid worse conflict than to continue foolishly fighting.
弱肉強食 (jakuniku kyoushoku) English Translation: “The weak are meat” or “survival of the fittest”
Hardcore! This one means the same as the English saying “survival of the fittest”, but it sounds way more diabolical.
Speaking of diabolical…
極悪非道 (gokuaku hidou) English Translation: “Villany” or “diabolical”
If you break down the kanji, it literally means “very evil and outrageous.” And so, you get… Diabolical! I can hear the evil laugh now. Mwahaha…
一刀両断 (ittouryoudan) English Translation: “One stroke, two halves.”
A more natural translation would be “cut in two with one stroke”. As an idiom, it’s used to describe someone who takes decisive action.
And speaking of decisive action, if you haven’t already, check out Japanese language learning courses from our friends at LingQ and Clozemaster! They’re great for all levels, including intermediate and advanced!
Japanese Proverbs About DeathA ridiculous death or a peaceful one? The Japanese have sayings for all sorts of situations related to death, too.
馬鹿は死ななきゃ治らない (baka wa shinanakya naoranai) English Translation: “An idiot can’t be cured of idiocy unless they die.”
Talk about harsh! This saying more or less means “you can’t fix stupid” but… more intense.
自ら墓穴を掘る (mizukara boketsu wo horu) English Translation: “Dig your own grave.”
There aren’t many idioms that both Japanese and English have that translate perfectly together. But I’m sure you know this one well. Like the English saying, “to put your foot in your mouth,” or to say something stupid that gets you in trouble. “Dig your own grave” is the same way and Japanese has an exact equivalent.
安心して死ねる (anshin shite shineru) English Translation: “Die in peace.”
This could be used to talk about someone who passed away at ease. Or it could describe a release of worry, like the English phrase. When a lifelong wish comes true or a big worry is solved and puts you at ease, you say “Well, now I can die in peace.”
死人に口なし (shinin ni kuchinashi) English Translation: “Dead men tell no tales.”
Someone who’s been killed can’t reveal big secrets, so that’s where this phrase comes in. Sounds like something the yakuza (Japanese mafia) might say, huh?
危機一髪 (kiki ippatsu) English Translation: “A close call” or “in the nick of time”
Almost got in an accident? Phew! “危機一髪!” That was a close call.
This has the nuance of “a close call with death” or “a close shave” but it’s also used like “just in the nick of time,” too.
疑心暗鬼 (gishin’angi) English Translation: “Suspicion will raise bogies.”
Feel like someone’s watching you? Are you “jumping at shadows”? That’s where this Japanese saying comes in. If you’re looking for demons in the dark, you’ll find them.
九死一生 (kyuushin iishou) English Translation: “Nine deaths, one life” or “near-death experience”
Like “a close call” above, this one is where you see your life flash before your eyes.
Beautiful Japanese ProverbsI hope you’ve channeled your inner Iroh, Yoda, or other inner philosophical spirit now.
These Japanese quotes and idioms will level up your Japanese and help you understand more nuanced parts of the language. But besides that, I hope you discovered some inspiring wisdom from these old Japanese sayings.
For even more inspiration, you can check out Benny’s Japanese language journey. See how much he learned after just two months of studying!
If you want to deep dive into the Japanese culture, or if you’re looking for more beauty and wisdom in the Japanese language, check out these must-read articles:
Japanese Culture: 33 Things Everyone Should Know About Japan42 Beautiful Japanese Words Every Japanese Learner Should Know37 Cool Japanese Words and Phrases To Start Using Now42 Great Japanese Books (to Learn Japanese Faster)How to say “I Love You” in Japanese (and 50+ More Ways to Share the Love in Japanese)Original article by Caitlin Sacasas. Reviewed and updated by the Fluent in 3 Months team on [publish date].
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