Karin Cox's Blog, page 3
August 13, 2012
Busy bees and other stuff
Those of you who regularly stop by may have noticed that I haven’t been seen around these parts for a while. “Is she pregnant again?” some of you may be asking. “Has she gone missing in action?” “Is she a recent casualty in the war of words between indies and legacy published authors?” The answer to all of these questions is “No.” Although I have to admit to a certain amount of “hmmmpffff” about the first one, as my daughter is starting to settle into the comfortable notion that she might be an only child. We shall see about that!
The real reason for my absence has been the establishment of the Indie Review Tracker website and my involvement in the excellent Indie Chicks Cafe site (blogging once a month or so), as well as a huge pile of editorial tasks I’m working through so I can get back to writing my own WiPs.
I’ve mentioned the idea of Indie Review Tracker on her before, but haven’t, as yet had a chance to formally announce that the site is up and running over at www.indiereviewtracker.com
With more than 200 reviewers, book bloggers, advertisers (both free and paid) and indie service providers (editors, graphic artists, designers and formatters) listed, and more being added by the day, I hope it will be a useful resource for self-published authors and help them easily find reviewers or bloggers, by genre, to help them promote.
It sure was a lot of work getting it up and running, and it is a lot of work to maintain (sourcing content, liaison with my awesome guest bloggers, finding and adding sites). but I *think* it will be worth it in the end. I also invite indie authors, reviewers and bloggers (and practically anyone associated with the indie writing community) to submit their blog, website or author page for free using the Submit Your Site form. So if you would like to be part of it, please do. You can also showcase five-star reviews of fellow indies for free on the IRT Showcase page. You can also submit an idea for a guest post, should you wish. So far, in one month, we’ve had more than 4000 visitors. So please do join in and use the free opportunities to promote your work. The more the merrier.
As loyal followers of this blog (which I will continue to post on sporadically, depending on my content demands for the IRT blog), I’d like to offer you $10 off an annual membership, which means you’ll pay just $4.95 for one year’s membership. You can quickly and easily search for promotional opportunities, create a to-do list of promotional tasks, and be active in the forums. To receive the special offer, just type in the coupon code IRTeasy when you register.
And if nothing else, be sure to pop on over and check out the great content from yours truly and some excellent guest bloggers and indie success stories. www.indiereviewtracker.com
Cheers
Karin


May 25, 2012
Two surveys highlight the “satisfaction divide” between indie and trade-published authors

Image CC licensed by http://www.flickr.com/photos/wakingti...
There’s been a lot written about the so-called divide between trade-published authors and indie, or self-published, authors over the blogosphere, and I’m afraid to say I’m about to add to the reams of virtual paper devoted to it. Two recently published surveys combine to underscore some of the key problems traditional publishing houses, or the Big Six (as these large publishing conglomerates are commonly known) might face when it comes to hanging on to their authors. They also draw stark contrast between the satisfaction levels of self-published and trade-published authors.
The first survey, the Taleist Self-publishing Survey, truthfully titled Not a Gold Rush, collated the results of 1007 self-published authors and asked about practices, attitudes, pricing, sales, and their satisfaction with their publishing efforts (Catherine Ryan Howard does a good break-down over on Catherine, Caffeinated).
The second—conducted by Harry Bingham’s editorial consultancy The Writers’ Workshop (with the help of the Society of Authors, The Crime Writers Association and The Romantic Novelists Association)—was based on the answers of 321 trade-published authors, asking them how they felt about publishers’ editing, cover art, and marketing. It also asked several telling questions about whether those authors would stick with their current publishers, and found that 40% of the respondents said they would move to a new house if “a reputable publisher offered [the] same advance”!
All in all, the Writers’ Workshop survey appeared to suggest that trade-published authors are happy with the editorial and creative input of publishers, but that the marketing and communication aspects seemed to leave a lot to be desired, and the way of the future, for the majority of authors, appears to be self-publishing (although for some, there was only a grudging acceptance of that).
The Wash-up of the Writer’s Workshop Survey
The participants’ biggest complaint seemed to be about marketing (and, unsurprisingly, indies like to moan about marketing, too). It seems from the study, that one of the major drawcards of going with a trade publisher—the marketing and publicity—may have been taken off the table. The marketing may be marginal or less than an author would do themselves as an indie (although given the lack of consultation and communication, it may be true that authors were simply unaware of marketing efforts). Only 19.7% of respondents said they were closely consulted about their publisher’s marketing plans, and 33.0% (the most respondents for that question) said “there was no attempt at consultation.” Worse still, in another marketing question 38.4% of respondents answered the question “Did you feel the eventual marketing campaign made good use of your skills, knowledge, passion, contacts and digital presence?” with “What marketing campaign? I never noticed one!” And a paltry 14% said they were “very happy” with their publisher’s marketing campaign.
Long lead times were problematic (46.6% rating it as the aspect of trade publishing they most disliked) as were “inadequate payments” (45.8%) and “insufficient consultation over the process (“42.4%)—something that self-publishers certainly can’t complain about! Communication was also a point of contention for some, with a combined 47% of respondents saying that communication was either “poor” or “tailed off” following publication of their book. 45.8% of participants were never even asked for feedback about their experience by the publishing house, answering “Nope. No one ever asked me what I thought” and guidance about the process at large was also on the slim side, which disgruntled 36.7% of participants.
And, in case you were wondering: the all-hallowed advance, for 40.1% of respondents, was not a multimillion dollar affair but a meager $5000.
When respondents were asked whether they might consider “cutting out a publisher altogether” to self-publish on Amazon, a whopping 74% appeared to be in favor of it (although, of those, 37.4% would be hesitant and saw it as a serious step to take). That left just 26% committed to having “a publisher to guide [them].” Dark days indeed. I, for one, can see why. If all the big publishers really have to offer is editorial, jacket and design influence, which savvy freelancers are now providing at reasonable rates to self-publishers, and a $5000 advance on royalties with little or limited marketing or input to back up sales, then they’re in trouble, big trouble.
In contrast, 44% of the self-published authors who participated in the Taleist survey said they found their self-publishing venture successful (with a further 51% admitting it was too soon to make that judgment). Only 5% were dissatisfied enough to call their venture “unsuccessful.” More telling, when the Taleist participants were asked, “Knowing what you know now, would you self-publish again?” an overwhelming 90% responded, “Yes, definitely” (no jumping ship here) and 93% of participants also said they would recommend self-publishing to other authors.
For me, it represents a real shift in author thinking. Where once the benchmark for author happiness was getting a trade publishing deal and holding a print book in your hand, it now appears that doing it yourself, and selling books online or in print, may be more likely to keep the smile on your face.
I have also been conducting a survey of my own on indie publishing promotional practices, and you can participate here. So far, more than 117 people have responded, but I would love more. The results will be published free in future on a new promotional website that is currently in production, and will help guide relevant content on that site. With just ten quick multiple choice questions, it takes minimal time to complete, and I’d welcome your feedback. Who knows maybe we can add more data that will help other authors decide which route they think will benefit them the most?








NetGalley delivers the goods in Geoffrey McGeachin’s Blackwattle Creek
I have a confession to make: I have discovered www.NetGalley.com. Why I would decide to review soon-to-be-released novels, what with all of the editing I’m doing, looking after a one-year-old, and trying to establish two new web-based businesses, is beyond me. But I have, and my first NetGalley offering did not disappoint. Perhaps I need to be committed. If that is the case, please let it be any other asylum than Blackwattle Creek, the chilling setting for the first of my NetGalley reviews, which you can check out below…

Blackwattle Creek by Geoffrey McGeachin, newly released by Penguin Group Australia
Title: Blackwattle Creek
Author: Geoffrey McGeachin
Publisher: Penguin Group Australia, May 2012
Get it at: Penguin, Amazon
Rating: *****
“One lie is all you need. One lie that you know is a lie, aye, that’s all you need to start everything on a path to unravelling.” —Charlie Berlin, Blackwattle Creek
When former bomber pilot and POW Charlie Berlin takes a much-needed vacation from his role as a detective sergeant in 1950s Melbourne, just after the ’56 Olympics, the last thing he needs is another case to solve. But when he grants his long-suffering wife and redeemer, Rebecca, a favour and interviews an elderly friend, who alerts him to body parts going missing at a funeral home, that is exactly what he gets—and more! When a colleague who helps him dig out evidence is beaten to a bloody pulp, witnesses are threatened, and a thug attempts to set fire to his house, Berlin’s investigations lead him to Blackwattle Creek, a former insane asylum where it seems the lunatics are now firmly in charge.
I had been wanting to read some of McGeachin’s work since he won the 2011 Ned Kelly Award for Crime Writing for The Diggers Rest Hotel—which also features this charming and distinctly Australian copper—and I was not disappointed. McGeachin has created a credible, likeable character in Charlie Berlin: a family man and all round sentimental bloke who has put the alcoholic, guilt-ridden, angry, self-abusive lifestyle (so stereotypical to crime novels) behind him (well, mostly!). The result is a gripping crime novel that is as much about suburban and family life in Australia in that decade as it is about the sinister politics and policies of the Cold War, which lead to the mystery’s chilling culmination.
McGeachin’s characters are commendably well-drawn, particularly charmingly erratic Hungarian immigrant Lazlo Horvay, and patient, decidedly non-Stepford Rebecca (who has a career as well as a vibrant wit and sex drive, even if she can bake a mean steak and kidney pie). While the mystery is embroiling, McGeachin also effectively conjures up nostalgic scenes of milk bars and jumping jacks, bodgies and widgies, bags of lollies, tombola marbles, fish and chips wrapped in newspaper, and sturdy, prized Studebakers—all in a Melbourne that seems more like a sprawling suburb than the modern metropolis it is today. It’s a Melbourne where people say, “You’ll do it because I’m a policeman, sunshine, and because I say so,” or “Thank you, squire.” And it is all the richer for that trip down memory lane. Of course, juxtaposing the cozy, almost parochial setting, is one of the gravest abuses of government and military power ever known. Together these elements combine to make Blackwattle Creek as touching as it is terrifying.
If I have one criticism, it is that sometimes the relationship between Berlin and Rebecca seems a little overwrought. In saying that, who couldn’t fall a little in love with a character who shivers whenever his wife touches him, indulges in the occasional “afternoon delight”, or concedes that his wife looks good in trousers, despite the prohibitive fashion of the age (shock horror)? I now plan to revisit Berlin’s life and find out more about how he and Rebecca met in The Diggers Rest Hotel, and I will keep an eye out for future installments in Charlie Berlin’s very interesting life. Five stars!
In the interests of full disclosure: I received a free review copy of this book for Kindle from NetGalley.com








May 10, 2012
Promotion and other evils

Cage Life has had a facelift
Promotion is a funny thing, isn’t it? So time consuming. So draining. And yet, so very necessary for indie authors. I tallied up my total sales last night from the time I first put Cage Life out there on display as a kind of e-publishing experiment. With three books for sale, less than a year after my “experiment,” I have managed to place more than 29,000 books in the hands of readers. To be fair, the vast majority of those (easily 90%) were giveaways, with Growth having always been free and both Cage Life and Hey, Little Sister enjoying good free runs (either as part of Select or pre-select in the FREE boom days).
While that may look like a lot of books, my earnings have been less spectacular, hovering at just over $120. Part of that is because of the freebies, part is that I priced at $0.99 for a long time before I decided to trial a higher price, and part of it is that I’m far from selling the number I would like to be shifting each month. Had I released a novel by now, I might see more of an upswing in sales. It is difficult, I think, to sustain interest in short stories, poetry and children’s books, and the only solution is to ensure I take more time out for me to write. But … I have been countering that with consoling myself that if even one percent of those readers return when I next publish a book, that will be 290 readers I might not have attracted before. I’ve also changed Cage Life’s cover a little in an effort to boost sales, and have been busily sending off more review requests. As a result, I’ve received some wonderful reviews this week (which couldn’t have come at a better time, as health issues have made it a tiring, long and emotional week for me). The lovely mother and daughter team over at Parent’s Little Black Book of Books have reviewed both Cage Life and Hey, Little Sister for me and have given both five-stars, which was a fabulous surprise. You can see the review for my children’s book here, and if you write for kids, young adults or adults, I highly advise you to contact Loretta or Karen, who are both extremely quick and professional.

It’s been a tough week, but 5-star reviews for Hey, Little Sister have helped put a smile on my face.
To counter my own little promotional dilemmas, I’ve also been hard at work compiling information for the free review sites ebook (which keeps getting pushed back but should now be a goer for June) and also the Indie Review Tracker Website, which is under production with a web guru at present. It should make it much easier for everyone to find reviewers, relevant forums and facebook pages, advertisement space, indie service providers and a whole lot more … yes, it just keeps getting bigger and better, and I just keep getting tireder and tireder. No matter, it will be well worth it when it comes out and I really hope others see it as a valuable tool that reduces their promotional time and “takes the puzzle out of promoting.” I’m currently looking for authors willing to guest post about their promotional experiences, so if you’re a strong blogger and you have great advice for authors, email me on karinwork@hotmail.com with “Indie Review Tracker Guest Blog” in the title.
The question is: would I have it any other way? The past ten months have been among my busiest ever (not least due to motherhood), and I’ve written more work for me and been more proactive at promoting my books than ever before. I’ve given a lot of thought this past month to what I aim to achieve with self-publishing. It started out as an experiment, and to be honest it still feels like one some days. Sometimes it feels incredible. Sometimes it feels like the goalposts are constantly shifting. Sometimes it feels like a crapshoot. A recent survey I wrote for indies discussing promotion, which you can go and complete here if you like, currently shows that of the more than 100 respondents 86% were either Extremely Satisfied or Moderately Satisfied that they self-published. (Note: All results of the survey will be published on the Indie Review Tracker site as soon as it goes live.) At present, I fall within the Moderately Satisfied crew. I know there is more I can to do to push my level up to Extremely Satisfied (more guest blogging, for instance, paid advertising, and more blogging in general, forging stronger connections, being involved in more indie community initiatives, and writing more books!) and that my promotional efforts will win out in the end, and if they don’t, I also know that books that ten months ago were available only on my computer hard-drive, now grace the libraries of 29,000 ebook readers … and surely that is worth something.








May 6, 2012
eFestival of Words
I’ve written before here about how supportive I find the indie publishing community when compared to the world of traditional publishing. Maybe I’m lucky, and I move in particularly cooperative, friendly circles, but today I discovered that several online friends and acquaintances have been nominated for eFestival of Words: The Best of Independent eBook Awards. As I was perusing the nominations, I also realized that Cage Life was nominated, which came as quite a shock—a very pleasant shock, but a shock nonetheless. Now, I not only have several good Indie friends (authors such as David Gaughran, Christine DeMaio-Rice, Lin Welch, Jack Wallen, and Michelle Muto) to vote for, but I also have the satisfaction of knowing that my little Indie short story “experiment” resonated with enough readers to see at least someone nominate it (and whoever you are, thank you so very, very much).
The finalists will be announced on 1 July and voting begins (so fingers crossed I make it to the next round), with votes finalized on 17 August. In the meantime, check out the site and browse the bookstore to see what indie publishing has to offer.








March 30, 2012
Darkness Unleashed: Guest Blogger Robyn Porter
My guest blogger today is Robyn Porter, prolific author of the Darkness Unleashed series and the Guardians of Nature series, among other books. Robyn published her first novel back in 2007 and was inspired to keep on telling stories about the darker side of life and human nature.

One of Robyn's many titles
Q.1 Tell me about your journey to self-publication and how satisfied you are with the results? Originally I started out with small epubs, but found them to be very restrictive. I truly enjoy the artistic freedom of going the indie route now.
Q.2 You've got quite a list of novels out now, Robyn. How do you find the time to write and still lead your everyday life? Most of the books out are from my original backlist, but new novels have also been released. Finding the time is much more challenging. I write whenever I'm able to.
Q.3 Name a few other authors that have inspired you? I adore Trudi Canavan, as well as Anne Bishop, and Shea MacLeod is an indie author who has shown just how great this new venture can be. She's done fantastic.
Q.4 Your covers are really vivid and striking. Do you work with a cover designer to make them so eye-catching? All but one of my books have been done by a professional cover artist. I think, unless you have a great background in designing, leaving that aspect to a professional is best. I've never been disappointed.
Q.5 What life experiences have you drawn on in writing your novels? Everything I see around me, I find ways to incorporate into what I write. Between death of those close, to watching people walk in the street, everything can have an impact somewhere.
Q.6 Do you listen to music when you write? If so, recommend some rockin' writing tunes for the nice people. Sometimes yes, sometimes no. I adore listening to all sorts when I do though. For fight scenes, the grittier, harder and darker it is the better. Stuff from Creed, Drowning Pool and Skillet work for me.
Q.7 Which other publishing professionals have you used on your journey, for example editors, formatters, publicists? I've had quite a few beta readers and editors who do this on the side help out. The problem with writing a book is trying to self-edit you miss things way too easy. You are so familiar with the storyline, it's easy to have your mind know what you mean but not actually have it detailed right.
Q.8 Tell me one crazy fact few people know about Robyn Porter. I can lucid dream. Seriously, it makes it fun to dream and manipulate what I see and how it could fit into a storyline.
Q.9 What have you found to be the most useful channel for promoting your books? Twitter and Facebook have been fantastic. It allows you to connect with so many different people.
Q10. What is the one thing you hope readers take away with them after reading your novels? I want them to feel like they were there, that they were able to embrace the world I created and remember it.
Thanks for stopping by, Robyn. Best of luck with it.
Visit Robyn's website at http://www.rgporter.net/bio.html
Follow Robyn's blog: http://rgporter.blogspot.com.au/
Buy Robyn's books:
Follow her on Twitter @AuthorRGPorter








March 21, 2012
The Writer’s Toolbox: Some Literary Devices to Enhance Your Work
Sometimes, authors approach me with perfectly “fine” writing. Grammatically, it’s all good, words are correctly spelled, and there’s nothing overtly wrong with the writer’s voice, but it lacks a certain vigor and vim. Usually that is because the writer has failed to employ all of the tools available to make their writing sparkle, leaving their writing bland and perfunctory. Below are some useful literary devices that can add another layer to your work and create subtext, foreshadowing, allusion, and depth.
Allegory: A device whereby a story or example is used to represent wider human themes, truths, or behavior. Fables are allegorical, so are parables. Sometimes your subplot may have allegorical elements that reflect the wider theme or outcome of your plot.
Analogy: A kind of extended metaphor whereby one thing is compared to a similar object, often several times in different ways. For instance, you might compare a relationship to a sinking ship in a series of interwoven metaphors.
Alliteration: Similar sounds at the start of word (like the repeated S sounds that begin this sentence) create alliteration. It can be used to poetic effect, but be careful not to overuse it. Unintentional alliteration can make writing sound childish because children’s books often make good use of this device. E.g. The westerly wind whistled through the willows as Walter walked toward the wily wombat.
Assonance: A pattern of repeated sounds (especially similar vowel sounds) that enhances euphony. E.g. “The woodland owls hooted ominously” or “A will-o-the-wisp slips listlessly through the glade” (actually, the last example demonstrates both assonance—in the repetition of the “i “sound—and consonance—in the recurring “w” and “l” sounds).
Conceit: When metaphor or figurative language compares one object or event to another that is very different or far more grandiose. A good example comes from Emily Dickinson: “There is no frigate like a book.” Be careful using conceit in your writing; sometimes it can just make readers go “huh?”
Connotation: When choosing words, be mindful of whether they have positive or negative connotation (connotation is a hidden or underlying meaning or bias). For instance, scent, smell, odor, fragrance, perfume, and stench all refer to the olfactory senses, but some (odor, smell, stench) are negative while others (fragrance, perfume, scent) are positive. Word choice and connotation can determine mood.
Consonance: Repeated similar sounds of consonants. Consonance is often used to add poesy to the end of sentences with “eye rhymes”, e.g. The time was past; the life was lost.” This could be considered an example of assonance and consonance, with the repetition of the “i” vowel sound and the “st” consonant pairing, and also of parallelism.
Echoes: Words (often unusual ones) that are used several times at key intervals to refer to an earlier situation or to create an “echo” in the reader’s mind. Often used in foreshadowing. G.R.R Martin echoes “Winter is coming” throughout A Game of Thrones to foreshadow and also to portend encroaching danger, as well as to infer the cynical realism of the Stark family, which has this as their motto.
Euphony: A harmonious arrangement of words to make them pleasing to the ear. When you read your work aloud, you will notice either euphony (it reads well and sounds good with good meter/rhythm) or discordance, where it sounds awkward or jarring.
Foreshadowing: Language, analogy, or events that hint at, or speculate about, later events. For instance, some danger may befall a character and, although tragedy is avoided in that instance, hint at a greater danger yet to come. Foreshadowing is best used sparingly and with subtlety, rather than being too overt. Motif is also often used in foreshadowing. The sight of a crow, for instance, may portend danger to come.
Inference: When a word or object is used to infer a deeper meaning. Character names often infer more about the character themselves. For instance, the surname Stark in G.R.R Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire novels infers much about the family’s mindset, lifestyle and beliefs.
Literary Allusion: When a text makes reference to another literary text or suggests that a character is akin to another fictional character. A book I’m editing at the moment, written by a best-selling author, describes one character as “Iago with a buzzcut”—a clever reference to the scheming character from Shakespeare’s Othello, but with a modern twist.
Metaphor: Substituting one object for another (but, unlike conceit, usually one with similar properties). E.g. “She was always crying—a leaky vase filled with dead flowers.” Metaphor figuratively implies that an object IS something else. Its sister is simile, in which something is said to be “like” something else. E.g. “I’m like a dog with a bone. I never can let go of anything.”
Meter: Usually relating to poetry but also relevant to prose, meter is the rhythm created by the number of stressed and unstressed syllables in a passage of writing.
Metonymy: When one word is used to represent another word or concept it is closely related to. The word is derived from the Greek meta (after) and onymia (name) and translates as “a change of name.” For example: The Crown is used to represent the British Monarchy and the Queen; Broadway is sometimes used to refer to the theater industry as a whole; and the White House is sometimes used synonymously to mean US government.
Mood: Mood helps define genre and can also help emphasize theme. Word choice is the biggest contributor to mood. Compare “The girl ambled through the shady forest” with “The girl hurried through the dim woods.” The second sounds ominous; the first as if she is almost skipping along oblivious—even though both say almost the same thing.
Motif: A recurring idea or event woven into a story. Although separate to theme, a motif can infer aspects of theme. If the theme is freedom, a recurring motif throughout might be flying birds. If the theme is revenge, the color green might operate as a motif.
Oxymoron: When two contrasting words or concepts are fused into one, e.g. A false truth, or a loud silence.
Paradox: A statement that contradicts itself but is often nevertheless true. E.g. “Everything changes; everything stays the same,” or “The child is father to the man.”
Parallelism: When syntax, phrases, clauses or even sentences take a similar sequence or format in order to express similarity. E.g. All wisdom comes from lovers, leaders, and learners. All dissent comes from cowards, critics, and cynics.
Personification: When inanimate objects are bestowed with human traits or qualities, e.g. “Spring wears her many-flowered gown” or “The house smiled, its broken railings like gappy teeth (there’s both personification and simile in the last). A point to note is that spring would not normally be capitalized if you’re talking about the season, but when you use personification, you would capitalize it. Similarly, Mother Nature groaned.
Synecdoche: Closely related to Metonymy, Synecdoche is when one element of an object is used to refer to the entire associated object and concept. Substituting a heart for an entire person, for instance. Sonnets often use synecdoche (John Donne was particularly fond of synecdoche). Another example would be where a character becomes defined by a single action, such as the Smoking Man from X-files. The saying, “All hands on deck!” whereby “hands” are substituting for the actual workers themselves is another example of synecdoche. Using “steel” for sword, “wheels” for car, or “threads” for clothes are other examples.








The Writer's Toolbox: Some Literary Devices to Enhance Your Work
Sometimes, authors approach me with perfectly "fine" writing. Grammatically, it's all good, words are correctly spelled, and there's nothing overtly wrong with the writer's voice, but it lacks a certain vigor and vim. Usually that is because the writer has failed to employ all of the tools available to make their writing sparkle, leaving their writing bland and perfunctory. Below are some useful literary devices that can add another layer to your work and create subtext, foreshadowing, allusion, and depth.
Allegory: A device whereby a story or example is used to represent wider human themes, truths, or behavior. Fables are allegorical, so are parables. Sometimes your subplot may have allegorical elements that reflect the wider theme or outcome of your plot.
Analogy: A kind of extended metaphor whereby one thing is compared to a similar object, often several times in different ways. For instance, you might compare a relationship to a sinking ship in a series of interwoven metaphors.
Alliteration: Similar sounds at the start of word (like the repeated S sounds that begin this sentence) create alliteration. It can be used to poetic effect, but be careful not to overuse it. Unintentional alliteration can make writing sound childish because children's books often make good use of this device. E.g. The westerly wind whistled through the willows as Walter walked toward the wily wombat.
Assonance: A pattern of repeated sounds (especially similar vowel sounds) that enhances euphony. E.g. "The woodland owls hooted ominously" or "A will-o-the-wisp slips listlessly through the glade" (actually, the last example demonstrates both assonance—in the repetition of the "i "sound—and consonance—in the recurring "w" and "l" sounds).
Conceit: When metaphor or figurative language compares one object or event to another that is very different or far more grandiose. A good example comes from Emily Dickinson: "There is no frigate like a book." Be careful using conceit in your writing; sometimes it can just make readers go "huh?"
Connotation: When choosing words, be mindful of whether they have positive or negative connotation (connotation is a hidden or underlying meaning or bias). For instance, scent, smell, odor, fragrance, perfume, and stench all refer to the olfactory senses, but some (odor, smell, stench) are negative while others (fragrance, perfume, scent) are positive. Word choice and connotation can determine mood.
Consonance: Repeated similar sounds of consonants. Consonance is often used to add poesy to the end of sentences with "eye rhymes", e.g. The time was past; the life was lost." This could be considered an example of assonance and consonance, with the repetition of the "i" vowel sound and the "st" consonant pairing, and also of parallelism.
Echoes: Words (often unusual ones) that are used several times at key intervals to refer to an earlier situation or to create an "echo" in the reader's mind. Often used in foreshadowing. G.R.R Martin echoes "Winter is coming" throughout A Game of Thrones to foreshadow and also to portend encroaching danger, as well as to infer the cynical realism of the Stark family, which has this as their motto.
Euphony: A harmonious arrangement of words to make them pleasing to the ear. When you read your work aloud, you will notice either euphony (it reads well and sounds good with good meter/rhythm) or discordance, where it sounds awkward or jarring.
Foreshadowing: Language, analogy, or events that hint at, or speculate about, later events. For instance, some danger may befall a character and, although tragedy is avoided in that instance, hint at a greater danger yet to come. Foreshadowing is best used sparingly and with subtlety, rather than being too overt. Motif is also often used in foreshadowing. The sight of a crow, for instance, may portend danger to come.
Inference: When a word or object is used to infer a deeper meaning. Character names often infer more about the character themselves. For instance, the surname Stark in G.R.R Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire novels infers much about the family's mindset, lifestyle and beliefs.
Literary Allusion: When a text makes reference to another literary text or suggests that a character is akin to another fictional character. A book I'm editing at the moment, written by a best-selling author, describes one character as "Iago with a buzzcut"—a clever reference to the scheming character from Shakespeare's Othello, but with a modern twist.
Metaphor: Substituting one object for another (but, unlike conceit, usually one with similar properties). E.g. "She was always crying—a leaky vase filled with dead flowers." Metaphor figuratively implies that an object IS something else. Its sister is simile, in which something is said to be "like" something else. E.g. "I'm like a dog with a bone. I never can let go of anything."
Meter: Usually relating to poetry but also relevant to prose, meter is the rhythm created by the number of stressed and unstressed syllables in a passage of writing.
Metonymy: When one word is used to represent another word or concept it is closely related to. The word is derived from the Greek meta (after) and onymia (name) and translates as "a change of name." For example: The Crown is used to represent the British Monarchy and the Queen; Broadway is sometimes used to refer to the theater industry as a whole; and the White House is sometimes used synonymously to mean US government.
Mood: Mood helps define genre and can also help emphasize theme. Word choice is the biggest contributor to mood. Compare "The girl ambled through the shady forest" with "The girl hurried through the dim woods." The second sounds ominous; the first as if she is almost skipping along oblivious—even though both say almost the same thing.
Motif: A recurring idea or event woven into a story. Although separate to theme, a motif can infer aspects of theme. If the theme is freedom, a recurring motif throughout might be flying birds. If the theme is revenge, the color green might operate as a motif.
Oxymoron: When two contrasting words or concepts are fused into one, e.g. A false truth, or a loud silence.
Paradox: A statement that contradicts itself but is often nevertheless true. E.g. "Everything changes; everything stays the same," or "The child is father to the man."
Parallelism: When syntax, phrases, clauses or even sentences take a similar sequence or format in order to express similarity. E.g. All wisdom comes from lovers, leaders, and learners. All dissent comes from cowards, critics, and cynics.
Personification: When inanimate objects are bestowed with human traits or qualities, e.g. "Spring wears her many-flowered gown" or "The house smiled, its broken railings like gappy teeth (there's both personification and simile in the last). A point to note is that spring would not normally be capitalized if you're talking about the season, but when you use personification, you would capitalize it. Similarly, Mother Nature groaned.
Synecdoche: Closely related to Metonymy, Synecdoche is when one element of an object is used to refer to the entire associated object and concept. Substituting a heart for an entire person, for instance. Sonnets often use synecdoche (John Donne was particularly fond of synecdoche). Another example would be where a character becomes defined by a single action, such as the Smoking Man from X-files. The saying, "All hands on deck!" whereby "hands" are substituting for the actual workers themselves is another example of synecdoche. Using "steel" for sword, "wheels" for car, or "threads" for clothes are other examples.








January 25, 2012
Guest blogging on Let’s Get Digital
For those of you who follow me but haven’t yet cottoned on to the excellent indie advice site that is Dave Gaughran’s Let’s Get Digital, I’m guest posting over there today so you might like to pop along and check it out.
Dave is one of my most conscientious clients and has a lot of very sensible things to say about the state of the publishing industry at present. It is well worth subscribing to his blog, if you haven’t already! Also, be sure to grab a copy of his reference book Let’s Get Digital, which is packed with useful advice for indies. He has also just released his epic historical novel, A Storm Hits Valparaiso. With a voice reminiscent of de Bernieres or Garcia Marquez, it is well worth the read and very enlightening about South America’s wars of independence.








Guest blogging on Let's Get Digital
For those of you who follow me but haven't yet cottoned on to the excellent indie advice site that is Dave Gaughran's Let's Get Digital, I'm guest posting over there today so you might like to pop along and check it out.
Dave is one of my most conscientious clients and has a lot of very sensible things to say about the state of the publishing industry at present. It is well worth subscribing to his blog, if you haven't already! Also, be sure to grab a copy of his reference book Let's Get Digital, which is packed with useful advice for indies. He has also just released his epic historical novel, A Storm Hits Valparaiso. With a voice reminiscent of de Bernieres or Garcia Marquez, it is well worth the read and very enlightening about South America's wars of independence.







