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Ricky L. Jones’s Followers (2)
Ricky L. Jones
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“Although the military may have contributed to hazing in all fraternities, BGF hazing seems to have become the most physically intense variation of the practice. The first of the 241 WGFcases Nuwer reported occurred in 1873 at Cornell University (Ithaca, New York). The first military case was the 1900 case cited involving MacArthur. The first BGF cases do not appear until 1977. Glaringly, between 1977 and 1990, BGFs are cited for the same number of hazing cases as military academies are in a ninety-year span. Furthermore, only 23 percent of the reported military cases involved physical abuse. In contrast, almost 94 percent of the black cases involved physical abuse—with all four deaths caused by physical hazing. Clearly, I do not contend that physical hazing only occurs in BGFs. Nuwer’s study illustrates that this is not the case. Additionally, men who seek to join organizations such as fraternities and the military through violent means probably belong to a particular personality group. Admittedly, membership in this personality group crosses racial and organizational lines. I want to emphasize that men who seek affiliation with hazing fraternities or even high-risk units of the military are not totally coerced, but are largely self-selected. The striking point of departure is that, at least where fraternal orders are concerned, a higher frequency of this type of personality seems to be found among black men than any other group under consideration here. If true, this helps to explain why the prevalence of physical hazing in BGFs is much higher than in WGFs or even the military. Certainly, an important epistemological question must follow such an assertion. If, in fact, more black men are in this personality group, how did they come to be this way? This is an issue of paramount importance that chapter six engages in depth.”
― Black Haze: Violence, Sacrifice, and Manhood in Black Greek-Letter Fraternities (African American Studies): Violence, Sacrifice and Manhood in Black Greek-letter ...
― Black Haze: Violence, Sacrifice, and Manhood in Black Greek-Letter Fraternities (African American Studies): Violence, Sacrifice and Manhood in Black Greek-letter ...
“Black collegians created BGFs in an effort to provide the interpersonal, social, educational, and professional support denied to them in many U.S. social and political structures, but they did not autonomously create the process of violent initiation.”
― Black Haze: Violence, Sacrifice, and Manhood in Black Greek-Letter Fraternities (African American Studies): Violence, Sacrifice and Manhood in Black Greek-letter ...
― Black Haze: Violence, Sacrifice, and Manhood in Black Greek-Letter Fraternities (African American Studies): Violence, Sacrifice and Manhood in Black Greek-letter ...
“The dependence on the physical often occurs because many black men feel (rightfully or wrongfully) that they are not privy to the same opportunities to define themselves as their white counterparts in U.S. society. This perception (and reality) is explored in depth in later chapters. Before reaching these passages, however, I hope the reader will temporarily accept my hypothesis that social and political marginalization helps to promote the black man’s search for alternate arenas in which he can be regarded as a man. One way to define manhood that has emerged, particularly in black intraracial interaction, is to be physically dominant or able to withstand physical abuse. In this manner, physical toughness eventually can be equated with manliness and this phenomenon carries over into BGFs. This reality helps to explain why many individuals continue to submit to hazing—they feel that it affirms their toughness and manhood.”
― Black Haze: Violence, Sacrifice, and Manhood in Black Greek-Letter Fraternities (African American Studies): Violence, Sacrifice and Manhood in Black Greek-letter ...
― Black Haze: Violence, Sacrifice, and Manhood in Black Greek-Letter Fraternities (African American Studies): Violence, Sacrifice and Manhood in Black Greek-letter ...
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