Rob Bignell's Blog, page 211

June 22, 2018

Strive for web pages with high scanability

Few people Boy-1986107_1920read text on a web page like they do a book. While most approach a book by reading it word-for-word, most Internet readers scan. That is, they peruse, looking for the key points to get the gist of the text or to find specific information they are willing to read word-for-word. Because of this, you want to ensure any text you write for the web has high scanability.

This is true even for author���s websites. Although you���d think that avid readers and writers would prefer to look at every piece of writing in a word-by-word approach ��� especially when looking at an author���s website ��� the fact is that most don���t. There���s something about the medium of the Internet that makes scanning the natural way to read it; perhaps it���s the size, shape, brightness, or subtle underlying pixelation of the screen.

How to create a scannable page
Fortunately, scanability is easy to achieve through a number of techniques:
��� Use clear navigation for the page ��� Include a headline and subheads, which often appear in a larger font size and are boldface, to help readers quickly identify the page���s main points. Headlines tell in a few words exactly what the web page is about. Subheads act as signposts that help visitors located particular points supporting or elaborating on the main idea given in the headline.
��� Place main idea in first paragraph ��� The most important information ��� what the web page���s text is about ��� needs to appear in the first paragraph. This may seem redundant given that���s what your headline does, but the opening paragraph also shows why knowing this information is important and sets the page���s tone.
��� Chunk your content ��� Limit each paragraph to one topic, specifically a point that supports or elaborates on the main idea given in the opening paragraph. You can include examples. A paragraph shouldn���t be more than 2-3 sentences long. Paragraphs can be grouped together by using a subhead.
��� Use lists ��� Bulleted points are the ultimate way to quickly deliver information. They are very useful when you have a long paragraph of multiple points. Simply separate each point into a bulleted point and give it a two- to six-word leader.
��� Utilize font style changes ��� Placing headlines, subheads and bulleted points in boldface help readers quickly locate the main points. Italics also can be used, especially for examples or for emphasis, to ensure they stand out. Just don���t overdo it, or the font style changes lose their effectiveness, as they can���t be easily picked out.

Need an example of each of these listed techniques? This article is written with each one used.

Standalone pages
You can help readers a lot by ensuring that each web page is independent of all others at your website. If this page had required visitors to first have read my web pages about readability and tone, then the text here probably won���t make much sense to them. Visitors can come to any page on your website through a variety of means ��� a search engine, a tweet, a Pinterest post, another website���s link ��� and that means they often bypass your home page and don���t read your web pages in sequence.

If you have web pages with related content, create a link on your page so that visitors can go to it. Including the related information in text rather than via a link only dilutes your web page���s hyperfocus on a single topic.

Professional Book Editor: Having your novel, short story or nonfiction manuscript proofread or edited before submitting it can prove invaluable. In an economic climate where you face heavy competition, your writing needs a second eye to give you the edge. I can provide that second eye.



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Published on June 22, 2018 06:00

June 21, 2018

Learn More About Self-Publishing: Whether writing a nove...

Forewords Prefaces Introductions

Learn More About Self-Publishing:
Whether writing a novel or nonfiction, whether planning to print a paperback or an ebook, 7 Minutes a Day to a Self-Published Book guides you through the self-publishing process, from the title page to the index, from designing a cover to formatting your text.



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Published on June 21, 2018 05:00

June 20, 2018

Which is correct? Y���all vs. Ya���ll vs. Y���awl

Y���all want Farm-1649146_1920to sound Southern? Then you���ll want to know when you sound wrong by misspelling the word.

Y���all is the correct spelling of this Southern expression. Though a contraction of ���you all,��� y���all usually is used as a plural form of ���you,��� as in Aunt Janie, you get the iced tea; Dawn and Missy, y���all set up the chairs.

Ya���ll is incorrect because the apostrophe represents the missing ���ooo��� sound created by the letters o and u. Writers probably use the ya���ll spelling because it phonetically matches how y���all sounds, but the use of an apostrophe would be nonsensical in the construction.

Y���awl perhaps is a better phonetic spelling. Still, yawl (without an apostrophe) is an actual word that means ���cry out, howl or yell.��� So using yawl or y���awl for y���all can be confusing to readers.

Professional Book Editor: Having your novel, short story or nonfiction manuscript proofread or edited before submitting it can prove invaluable. In an economic climate where you face heavy competition, your writing needs a second eye to give you the edge. I can provide that second eye.



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Published on June 20, 2018 04:45

June 19, 2018

Establish tone during story���s opening lines

Each story Book-2929646_1920expresses an emotional climate ��� that is, after completing it the reader might say, ���The writer seemed very angry��� or ���The writer presented a depressing view of the world.��� Tone is the emotion the author uses to approach the story���s theme.

Tone helps engage the reader in the story. You can have an action-packed plot and an intriguing protagonist, but if the story lacks the appropriate tone, you���ll undercut your narrative and character arcs. Often the way an author writes is enough alone to grab readers��� attention. In addition, tone gives subtle but important clues about how the reader should interpret the characters and the story���s message. Think of tone as you would the quality of someone���s voice when speaking aloud; how fast the person talks, whether they���re whispering or shouting deeply affect how you understand what they���re saying. Write a life-or-death scene as if it were an comparison and contrast school essay, however, and you���ve struck the wrong tone and will lose the reader.

You want to establish your story���s tone with the very first word of your story. Starting with one tone and then switching to another often is jarring and confusing to the reader.

Creating tone involves a complex array of techniques that like include diction, pacing and color.

Diction
The vocabulary choices and ways those words are arranged in sentences to create a sense of style is known as diction.

Consider the following passage:

Most of the greenery leading to the town center was nothing more than blackened stubble. Calandra had seen the fireblight work its destruction elsewhere; the blight always began with crimson splotches across the stem until the whole plant turned that color. For days in the sunlight the crops would shimmer red, as if ablaze, as the blight rotted its host. It disintegrated plants from the inside out, working its way up the cells that delivered nutrients to the fruit. When the redness disappeared, the plant collapsed upon itself, nothing more than a burned out shell, leaving only a stench that bit like acrid smoke.

Notice how certain words evoke a sense of destruction: nothing more than blackened stubble; the crops would shimmer red, as if ablaze; rotted; collapsed upon itself, nothing more than a burned out shell; a stench that bit like acrid smoke. The sentences themselves follow the narrative arc of a forest fire ��� first isolated blazes that rise along the tree trunks, then the entire tree in flames, and once the fire burns out, nothing left but blackened husks of trees and the odor of smoke.

In fewer than 125 words, we have a good idea of what the town���s destroyed green belt looks like, but even more than that we are moved at a gut level and find ourselves reeling at the totality of the destruction.

Pacing
Pacing is the timing by which the major events in the plot unfold and in which the big scenes are shown. The ���better��� the story, then the better that the author handled the pacing.

Every story has a different pace. Those that are more introspective tend to move at a slower pace while those that are action-packed tend to be fast. Because of this, all stories run on a story clock. This is a rate at which the narrator describes the action. As with the wider universe, there is no objective clock. A true sign of writing craftsmanship is when an author sets the story clock winding at the right pace for his tale.

Consider this passage, which makes good use of the story clock:

My father sat at the bar rail next to Rory Everard and his three adult sons. ���Rory,��� my father said, ���I haven���t seen you since the Wakeley Auction last spring.��� Then he looked at each of Mr. Everard���s sons and nodded as saying their names: ���Jeff. Craig. Gary.���

They nodded back nervously. An awkward silence fell between them.

���Rory, how are you doing?��� my father said.

Mr. Everard eyed my father. ���I���ll get by, Bill.���

My attention focused entirely on my father. He nonchalantly pulled a ten from his wallet, motioned at Mr. Everard���s beer. The bartender glanced uncomfortably at him, brought over a bottle.

���In town for parts, Bill?��� Mr. Everard said with deliberateness.

���Needed refreshment.���

���Just stopped in for a beer then?���

������A��� beer? In a hurry to see me go?���

���Just wanted to know what brings you in here.���

My father gave Mr. Everard a long stare. ���Is there some problem, Rory?���

Mr. Everard shook his head. ���Hired man outside?���

���Should he be?���

���If he is, that���d probably be best for him.���

My father sat straight up. ���If you���ve got something to say, Rory, say it.���

Mr. Everard cleared his throat, fingered the perspiration off his beer���s rim. ���Well, Bill ��� that hired man of yours ��� Dick Cassidy is saying that boy had his way with his daughter.���

My father rose from his bar stool, pulled his money from the rail.


Good pacing always involves compression and expansion of time; in ���real time,��� events don't unfold at the same rate as they do in a story. For example, an airplane flight from New York to London in real time might take a few hours, but in the story it���s handled in a phrase that takes a couple of seconds to read. Usually the authors speeds up or slows down the action to match the emotions he wants the reader to have.

Another aspect of good pacing is travel time. Characters don't change their personalities or their minds about important decisions overnight. A character must ���travel��� a certain emotional distance to arrive at such changes. The author's wording and dramatic action must mirror that pace.

Color
Even if your story offers a lot of dramatic tension and the sentences are tightly constructed, it still can feel a bit monochrome or colorless. When that occurs, the writing probably is not particularly vivid. Rather than read like a piece of fiction, the story instead will feel like a work of dry news reporting.

Consider this fairly colorless passage:

Kneeling before the car, Carl Steinar thought his wife appeared to be sleeping, but he knew that she���d simply lost too much blood. A tear fell from his eyes. In a single moment, every memory of their few short years with one another surfaced: the first night together; of how she loved Nebraska; of her hands as they caressed his neck; of their two boys. He stumbled back, tried to hold back the weeping.

The piece lacks several elements that could make it more vibrant:
��� Descriptions ��� To create a sense of the world where your story occurs, you���ll want to describe the spatial setting, the time, and the characters. Not doing this is akin to watching a play without any scenery and the characters wearing sheets rather than costumes.
��� Imagery ��� Good fiction writing appeals to the readers��� various senses ��� sight, smell, sound, taste and touch. Since people experience the world through their five senses, including them in a story helps the reader vicariously experience the fictional world.
��� Symbolism ��� Descriptions and imagery deliver additional levels of meaning by being presented as similes, metaphors or other figurative language. Such connotations can carry great emotional weight.

By using these techniques, the colorless passage could be rewritten as:

Kneeling before the car, all he could see was crimson blood. His wife appeared to be asleep, but he knew that crumpled body, jammed between the driver���s seat and projecting steering wheel, had simply lost too much vital fluid for it to be true. Then a mist of lavender netting covered her, as if she was a bride about to wake, and Carl Steinar realized he was viewing Gwen through his tears. In a single moment, every memory of their few short years with one another surfaced: the first night together; of how she loved Nebraska���s yellow sky and the wind���s glorious cry, of her soothing hands as she caressed his neck; of their two little boys. He stumbled back, lay fetal position in the middle of the road, and shaking his head desperately tried to hold back the weeping.

This version of the passage is more vibrant because it actually describes the scene. For example, the reader can better visualize the car wreck through the description of his wife���s body and of where Carl Steinar lays in the roadway. The passage also makes much better use of imagery. We have an array of colors in the scene, such as the crimson blood, Nebraska���s yellow sky, the lavender netting that is Carl���s tears. There also is an appeal to senses beyond sight, specifically touch through a description of the wife���s smooth hands caressing his neck, and of sound via the wind���s glorious cry. Finally, the passage even makes use of symbolism with the simile as if she were a bride about to wake, which emotes Carl���s feelings toward her and his sense of loss.

Professional Book Editor: Having your novel, short story or nonfiction manuscript proofread or edited before submitting it can prove invaluable. In an economic climate where you face heavy competition, your writing needs a second eye to give you the edge. I can provide that second eye.



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Published on June 19, 2018 04:45

June 18, 2018

The 7 Best Tips for Writing Your Opening Scene

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��� Create a riveting opener for your story 
��� Write a great narrative hook 
��� Draw readers into story with great opening lines
��� Start story with event that upsets status quo
��� How to get readers engaged in your story
��� Base story on overcoming emotional disturbance
��� Use broad conflict to set your story in motion
��� BONUS: ���It begins with a character, usually, and once he...begins to move, all I can do is trot along behind him.��� 

Professional Book Editor: Having your novel, short story or nonfiction manuscript proofread or edited before submitting it can prove invaluable. In an economic climate where you face heavy competition, your writing needs a second eye to give you the edge. I can provide that second eye.



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Published on June 18, 2018 04:45

June 17, 2018

5 Great Humorous Thoughts on Writing

���If you 00000000000000000r say Stephen King���s name while looking in the mirror three times, all your adverbs disappear.��� - Stefanie Simpson

���If you say ���EL James��� in the mirror three times, you���ll .��� - Karma Lei Angelo

���If you say ���Cormac McCarthy��� in the mirror three times all your punctuation disappears.��� - Carson Stone���

���If you say ���James Dashner��� three times in the mirror, you'll become immortal because life-or-death cliffhangers always end in life.��� - Jabe Stafford���

���If you say ���Dan Brown��� (3 times), you get a lecture on the Knights Templar instead of doing something about the villains trying to kill you. - Laura Ruth Loomis���

Professional Book Editor: Having your novel, short story or nonfiction manuscript proofread or edited before submitting it can prove invaluable. In an economic climate where you face heavy competition, your writing needs a second eye to give you the edge. I can provide that second eye.



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Published on June 17, 2018 05:23

June 16, 2018

Editing client publishes book on tithing

A recent LaQuetta Glazeediting client of mine has published her second book on modern religion. LaQuetta Holyfield Glaze's "Dear God, Where is My Cut? Dispelling the Lies and Unraveling the Truth" explores the practice of tithing in Christian churches. The book examines if churches manipulate their congregations to give in trade for receiving blessing, what the Bible says about tithing, and the future of this practice.


"Dear God, Where is My Cut?" is available online as a paperback or ebook.

Professional Book Editor: Having your novel, short story or nonfiction manuscript proofread or edited before submitting it can prove invaluable. In a climate where you face heavy competition, your writing needs a second eye to give you the edge. I can provide that second eye.



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Published on June 16, 2018 04:45

June 15, 2018

6 Tips to Ensure a Successful Book Reading

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��� How to arrange a public book reading/signing
��� Preparing your book reading 
��� What to do in hour before your presentation 
��� How to ensure a successful book reading/signing
��� Avoid these flubs when seeking book signing
��� Dealing with book signing anxiety
��� BONUS: "A great writer reveals the truth even when he or she does not wish to." 

Professional Book Editor: Having your novel, short story or nonfiction manuscript proofread or edited before submitting it can prove invaluable. In an economic climate where you face heavy competition, your writing needs a second eye to give you the edge. I can provide that second eye.



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Published on June 15, 2018 04:45

June 14, 2018

7 Great Tips for Revising Your Manuscript

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��� You cannot improve as a writer until actually revising something you wrote
��� What to look for when revising your manuscript 
��� Black box analysis
��� Don���t smother writing with your red pen
��� 'Murder your darlings' to better engage readers
��� 'Show, don't tell' when writing fiction
��� Editing tip: Don���t worry about being satisfied 
��� BONUS: "Be grateful for every word you can cut." - William Zinsser 

Professional Book Editor: Having your novel, short story or nonfiction manuscript proofread or edited before submitting it can prove invaluable. In an economic climate where you face heavy competition, your writing needs a second eye to give you the edge. I can provide that second eye.



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Published on June 14, 2018 04:45

June 13, 2018

Know nothing about ���Naught vs. Nought���?

Naught Nothing-2207785_1920and nought are yet another example of how our language has evolved. Both words are spelling variants of the same pronoun.

Both are a synonym for ���nothing.��� In mathematical terms, nought in British English also is another word for zero, as in He added a nought and bet ��100 rather than ��10.

Interestingly, naught evolved from the Middle-English nought, the latter of which has been around for more than a thousand years. You���ve probably heard it in phrases like it was all for naught or the more modern came to naught.

Both words are considered archaic and hence pretentious. All you really need to write is ���nothing��� or in some cases with nought ���zero.���

If writing historical fiction, however, your character might use this archaic word; for example, When I was naught a wee bit of a lad, I practiced my slingshot on passing sparrows. In that case, use naught if your story is set after 1500 CE but use nought if set before then.

Professional Book Editor: Having your novel, short story or nonfiction manuscript proofread or edited before submitting it can prove invaluable. In an economic climate where you face heavy competition, your writing needs a second eye to give you the edge. I can provide that second eye.



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Published on June 13, 2018 04:45