Moniek Bloks's Blog, page 14
May 27, 2025
Lady Ix Tz’ Akbu Ajaw – The Mayan Red Queen
Lady Ix Tz’ Akbu Ajaw (also known as The Mayan Red Queen) was queen consort to the Mayan King K’inich Janaab Pakal of Palenque. She was married to him for forty-six years. Two of her sons would also rule Palenque as kings. Yet, her greatest legacy is her tomb, which is an archaeological treasure.[1] Her tomb is the richest burial for a Mayan queen.[2]
The birthdate of Lady Ix Tz’ Akbu Ajaw is unknown.[3] Her parentage is unknown.[4] She was from Uxte’k’uh.[5] In 626 C.E., Lady Ix Tz’ Akbu Ajaw married King K’inich Janaab Pakal of Palenque. Therefore, Lady Ix Tz’ Akbu Ajaw became Queen of Palenque.[6] They would be married for forty-six years.[7] She bore King Janaab Pakal at least two known sons.[8] Their names were K’inich K’an Balam II and K’inich K’an Joy Chitam II.[9] Two of them would be Kings of Palenque after their father’s death.[10]
Lady Ix Tz’ Akbu Ajaw wielded considerable power and political influence as Queen of Palenque.[11] On the Palace Tablet, Lady Ix Tz’ Akbu Ajaw sits on the left side of her son K’inich K’an Joy Chitam II.[12] She is dressed as the Moon Goddess and gives him “the flint and war symbols.”[13] This shows that she embodied the Moon Goddess for war purposes.[14] Lady Ix Tz’ Akbu Ajaw died on 16 November 672 C.E.[15] Eleven years later, King K’inich Janaab Pakal died on 29 August 683 C.E.[16]
Lady Ix Tz’ Akbu Ajaw’s greatest legacy is her tomb, now known as Temple XIII.[17] It was discovered in 1994 in Chiapas, Mexico, by Fanny Lopez and Arnoldo González.[18] The tomb contained her sarcophagus, which was made of limestone, and the interior was painted with crimson cinnabar.[19] Her body, ornaments, and offerings were also covered in cinnabar.[20] Her headdress was of green stone with an elaborate collar of multicoloured shell beads.[21] Her headband was composed of two circular disks made of green jade, which the Mayans viewed as the most valuable.[22] Her mask was made of malachite tesserae.[23] It also had obsidian and limestone eyes.[24] Thus, scholars believe that this mask bears a “striking sense of the presence of the queen.”[25]
Very few facts are known about Lady Ix Tz’ Akbu Ajaw.[26] Yet, it is clear that she wielded immense considerable power and influence.[27] During a period of warfare, she embodied the Moon Goddess.[28] The greatest evidence that shows her power and influence is her tomb.[29] Her tomb remains one of the most important archaeological discoveries in Mesoamerica.[30]
Sources:
Blood and Beauty: Organized Violence in the Art and Archaeology of Mesoamerica and Central America. (2009). (Orr, H. Ed.; Koontz, R.) Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press.
Hernandez, L. H. (n.d.). “The Red Queen of Palenque”. HistoricalMX. Retrieved on November 6, 2024 from https://historicalmx.org/items/show/50.
Janaab’ Pakal of Palenque: Reconstructing the Life and Death of a Maya Ruler. (2017). (Cucina, A. Ed; Tiesler, V. Ed.). Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press.
Mazariegos, O. C., & et al. (2022). Lives of the Gods: Divinity in Maya Art. (Doyle, J. F. Ed; Pillsbury, J. Ed; Mazariegos, O. C. Ed.). United Kingdom: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Pillsbury, J. (7 March 2018). “The Red Queen and Her Sisters: Women of Power in Golden Kingdoms”. The Met Museum. Retrieved on November 6, 2024 from https://www.metmuseum.org/perspective....
Sharer, R. J. & Traxler, L. P. (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th Ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
[1] Pillsbury, March 7, 2018
[2] Pillsbury, March 7, 2018
[3] Cucina and Tiesler, Eds., 2017
[4] Cucina and Tiesler, Eds., 2017
[5] Cucina and Tiesler, Eds., 2017
[6] Mazariegos, et al., 2022
[7] Sharer and Traxler, 2006
[8] Sharer and Traxler, 2006
[9] Sharer and Traxler, 2006
[10] Sharer and Traxler, 2006
[11] Orr and Koontz, Eds.,2009
[12] Orr and Koontz,Eds., 2009
[13] Orr and Koontz, Eds., 2009, p. 60
[14] Orr and Koontz, Eds., 2009
[15] Cucina and Tiesler, Eds., 2017
[16] Cucina and Tiesler, Eds., 2017
[17] Pillsbury, March 7, 2018
[18] Hernandez, n.d.
[19] Pillsbury, March 7, 2018
[20] Pillsbury, March 7, 2018
[21] Pillsbury, March 7, 2018
[22] Pillsbury, March 7, 2018
[23] Pillsbury, March 7, 2018
[24] Pillsbury, March 7, 2018
[25] Pillsbury, March 7, 2018, para. 3
[26] Cucina and Tiesler, Eds., 2017
[27] Orr and Koonz, Eds., 2009
[28] Orr and Koontz, Eds., 2009
[29] Pilsbury, March 7, 2018
[30] Hernandez, n.d.
The post Lady Ix Tz’ Akbu Ajaw – The Mayan Red Queen appeared first on History of Royal Women.
May 25, 2025
Book Review: The Queens and Royal Women of Sweden, c. 970–1330: Their Lives, Power, and Legacy by Caroline Wilhelmsson
Researching royal women comes with many challenges. These challenges include the lack of documentation for many women, which becomes worse the older the time period.
Queens and Royal Women of Sweden, c. 970–1330: Their Lives, Power, and Legacy by Caroline Wilhelmsson bravely faces this challenge to tell us about Swedish royal women. This book is part of the Lives of Royal Women by Routledge.
The book begins with women who may not have even existed and are semi-legendary and ends with Ingeborg of Norway, who was regent during the minority of her son, King Magnus Eriksson. Despite it being an academic book, it is easy to read and follow. It looks closely at the primary sources and the various other sources.
Overall, I’d highly recommend this book. It is available now in the UK and the US.
The post Book Review: The Queens and Royal Women of Sweden, c. 970–1330: Their Lives, Power, and Legacy by Caroline Wilhelmsson appeared first on History of Royal Women.
May 24, 2025
Book News Week 22
Book News Week 22 – 26 May – 1 June 2025
The Sixteenth Century in 100 Women
Paperback – 30 May 2025 (US)
The Lord Protector and His Wives: Catherine Filliol, Anne Stanhope and Edward Seymour
Hardcover – 30 May 2025 (US)
The post Book News Week 22 appeared first on History of Royal Women.
May 23, 2025
Imperial Consort Tangshan – Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty’s mysterious Imperial Consort who composed a famous song
Imperial Consort Tangshan was an Imperial Consort of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty. She was one of the few women writers who had come from the Han imperial family.[1] She had composed a song called “Sacrificial Ode: Inside the Chamber.”[2] The song would be used throughout the Han Dynasty as an ancestral worship song in temples.[3] Even though she composed a famous song, there are only three known facts about her life.[4] This is because ancient historical texts did not include her biography.[5] Thus, Imperial Consort Tangshan is a very important but largely unknown royal figure.[6]
The birth of Imperial Consort Tangshan remains unknown.[7] Her personal name is also unknown.[8] Tangshan was her family name.[9] However, her family background remains unknown.[10] Imperial Consort Tangshan was known to be knowledgeable in the classics and folk songs.[11] Therefore, some modern historians believe that she was a commoner who had been nominated to enter the palace as an Imperial Consort.[12] Other modern historians believe that her knowledge of classical literature shows that she came from a prominent family that allowed her to cultivate her literary talent.[13]
Tangshan became an Imperial Consort to Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (r. 202-195 B.C.E.). Imperial Consort Tangshan composed the song “Sacrificial Ode: Inside the Chamber.”[14] Here is an excerpt of the song:
“Thoroughwort and figs
Moving back and forth the cinnamon flowers
Piously we present Heaven’s rites
Complying with the radiance of sun and moon.
[The spirits] mount the four dragons of profound mystery,
Dashing in circles and moving around.
Feathers and banners rich in abundance,
Lush indeed, spreading far and farther.
The Way of filial piety continuous with our age,
We display the brilliant order of ritual!”[15]
Imperial Consort Tangshan’s death is unknown.[16] “Sacrificial Ode: Inside the Chamber”[17] became a famous temple song. It was used for ancestral worship ceremonies during the Han Dynasty.[18] After the Han Dynasty, the song became obscure.[19] However, her song was revived in popularity with the aid of scholars of the Ming and Qing eras.[20]
Imperial Consort Tangshan’s life is mostly unknown.[21] However, her song, “Sacrificial Ode: Inside the Chamber”[22] has greatly endured.[23] Imperial Consort Tangshan was an early pioneer of temple songs that helped influence classic Chinese literature.[24] She also helped develop poetry with “three-character and seven-character lines”[25]. Through her renowned song, Imperial Consort Tangshan will never be forgotten.[26]
Sources:
Hu, Q. (2023). Abandoned Women and Boudoir Resentment: The Construction of the Feminine Voice in Early Medieval Chinese Literature. Germany: Brill.
The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature. (2010). (Owen, S., Ed.; Sun Chang, K, Ed.). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Wong, Y. L., et al. (2015). “Tangshan, Concubine of Emperor Gaozu”. Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity Through Sui, 1600 B.C.E. – 618 C.E. (L. X. H. Lee, Ed.; A. D. Stefanowska, Ed.; S. Wiles, Ed.). NY: Routledge. pp. 195-198.
[1] Hu, 2023
[2] Wong, et al., 2015, p. 196
[3] Wong, et al., 2015
[4] Wong, et al., 2015
[5] Wong, et al., 2015
[6] Hu, 2023; Sun Chang and Owen Eds., 2010; Wong, et al., 2015
[7] Wong, et al., 2015
[8] Wong, et al., 2015
[9] Wong, et al., 2015
[10] Wong, et al., 2015
[11] Wong, et al., 2015
[12] Wong, et al., 2015
[13] Wong, et al., 2015
[14] Wong, et al., 2015, p. 196
[15] Sun Chang and Owen Eds., 2010, p. 88
[16] Wong, et al., 2015
[17] Wong, et al., 2015, p. 196
[18] Wong, et al., 2015
[19] Wong, et al., 2015
[20] Wong, et al., 2015
[21] Sun Chang and Owen Eds., 2010; Wong, et al., 2015
[22] Wong, et al., 2015, p. 196
[23] Wong, et al., 2015
[24] Sun Chang and Owen Eds., 2010; Wong, et al., 2015
[25] Wong, et al., 2015, p. 198
[26] Wong, et al., 2015
The post Imperial Consort Tangshan – Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty’s mysterious Imperial Consort who composed a famous song appeared first on History of Royal Women.
May 22, 2025
The Hitachi Wedding Tiara
The future Princess Hitachi, Hanako Tsugaru, received this tiara when she married Masahito, Prince Hitachi, in 1964.
Embed from Getty ImagesMasahito, Prince Hitachi, is the younger son of Emperor Hirohito, and he is currently third and last in the line of succession.
The new tiara was called the Mikimoto Pearl and Diamond tiara, and it is composed of a pearl sunburst in the middle of diamond waves.
Hanako continued to wear the tiara after her wedding alongside her Pearl and Diamond Fringe Tiara. Most notably, she wore it for the enthronement banquet for Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko in 1990.
However, as Prince and Princess Hitachi have now largely retired from public life, the tiara has too.
The post The Hitachi Wedding Tiara appeared first on History of Royal Women.
May 20, 2025
Book Review: Princesses on the wards by Coryne Hall
Many princesses were active in nursing, but not everyone knows their stories.
Princesses on the Wards by Coryne Hall covers the princesses who wanted to make themselves useful during the many conflicts in the world.
Princesses from the Victorian age to the present day are included. From the well-known Empress Alexandra of Russia to Princess Tsehai Haile Selassie of Ethiopia – the book covers a wide range of princesses and their experiences. I particularly enjoyed the inclusion of the more unknown royal women.
The princesses are instrumental in promoting nursing as a respectable career, proving just how valuable royal patronage can be.
It is also filled with anecdotes which bring more life to the women we think we know.
Princesses on the Wards by Coryne Hall is an excellent book and a must-read for those interested in the lives of royal women. It is available now in the UK and the US.
The post Book Review: Princesses on the wards by Coryne Hall appeared first on History of Royal Women.
May 18, 2025
Queen Trung Trac and Queen Trung Nhi – The rebel sisters who became Joint Queens of Vietnam and became national heroines
Queen Trung Trac and Queen Trung Nhi are national heroines of Vietnam.[1] They led a massive rebellion against Han Chinese rule and were made queens. Even though they were ultimately defeated, they became symbols of Vietnam’s resistance against foreign invasion.[2] Queen Trung Trac and Queen Trung Nhi have been honoured in a temple and at an annual festival.[3] Their story has also been written about in various forms of literature.[4]
The birth dates of Queen Trung Trac and Queen Trung Nhi are unknown.[5] They were born in Jiaozhi (northeast of modern-day Hanoi in Vietnam).[6] They were said to be descended from ancient Hung kings.[7] Trung Trac and Trung Nhi were the daughters of a local chieftain named Ba Man Thien.[8] Trung Trac married a local chieftain named Thi Sach.[9] It is unknown if Trung Nhi ever married.[10]
The people that lived in the Jiaozhi region were once known as the Luo tribes.[11] They integrated into the Chinese Empire during the Qin and Han periods.[12] Each territory had its own army with its own chieftain, which was similar to the Han system.[13] Modern historians believe that Trung Trac may have received military training from her father, Ba Man Thien.[14]
The governor of the Jiaozhi region, Su Ding, was very cruel to the Luo tribes in the region.[15] He was known to be “greedy and incompetent.”[16] Trung Trac’s husband, Thi Sach, rebelled against Su Ding’s tyranny.[17] In 40 C.E., Su Ding executed Thi Sach.[18] The execution of her husband caused Trung Trac to join in the rebellion against Su Ding.[19] Trung Trac was aided by her sister, Trung Nhi.[20] They gained widespread support, especially from other tribes in various regions of modern-day Vietnam that were also resisting the Chinese Empire.[21] Trung Trac and Trung Nhi commanded an army of 83,000 soldiers.[22] They successfully captured sixty-five fortresses.[23]
In 40 B.C.E., Trung Trac and Trung Nhi were proclaimed as joint queens of Vietnam.[24] They established their royal court at Me Linh.[25] They abolished heavy taxes that were imposed by the Han Chinese.[26] They also started to restore traditional Vietnamese culture and customs.[27] Their major goal as joint queens was to seek revenge that was committed against their country and Queen Trung Trac’s deceased husband.[28] They also planned to restore the “traditional Vietnamese aristocratic rule.”[29]
In 41 C.E., Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty sent ten thousand troops to crush the queens’ rebellion.[30] He appointed General Ma Yuan and General Duan Zhi to be in charge of his army.[31] General Duan Zhi died as soon as he first arrived in Hepu.[32] This left General Ma Yuan solely in charge of the Han army.[33] General Ma Yuan executed a thousand of the queens’ supporters.[34] He had also taken ten thousand as captives.[35] Queen Trung Trac and Queen Trung Nhi were forced to pull back to Jinxi, which was a rough area that was surrounded by “toxic vapours.”[36] They were frequently cut off from supplies.[37] The queens quickly became unable to sustain their rebellion.[38] In 43 C.E., Queen Trung Trac and Queen Trung Nhi were captured by General Yuan Ma and executed.[39] Their heads were sent to Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty.[40]
Queen Trung Trac and Queen Trung Nhi became national heroines of Vietnam.[41] They are seen as exemplary models for Vietnam to resist foreign domination.[42] Many schools, hospitals, and streets are named after them in Vietnam.[43] There is a temple outside of Hanoi in honour of Queen Trung Trac and Queen Trung Nhi.[44] Many people in Vietnam prayed to them for help in droughts and floods.[45] In Han Loi village, the residents held an annual festival on February 6th commemorating Queen Trung Trac and Queen Trung Nhi.[46] Their images have appeared on postage stamps.[47] They have also been written about in novels, poems, and plays.[48] Thus, the courageous deeds of these queens will never be forgotten.
Sources:
Lai, M & Wong, T. (2015). “The Zheng Sisters”. Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity Through Sui, 1600 B.C.E. – 618 C.E.. (L. X. H. Lee, Ed.; A. D. Stefanowska, Ed.; S. Wiles, Ed.). NY: Routledge. pp. 253-255.
Rielly, E. J. (2022). “The Trung Sisters”. Salem Press Encyclopedia.
“Trung Sisters (d. 43 CE).” (2007). Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages. (Commire, A. Ed.; Klezmer, D. Ed.) Vol. 2, Yorkin Publications. p. 1890.
[1] “Trung Sisters (d. 43 CE).”, 2007
[2] “Trung Sisters (d. 43 CE).”, 2007
[3] Rielly, 2022
[4] Rielly, 2022
[5] “Trung Sisters (d. 43 CE).”, 2007
[6] Lai and Wong, 2015
[7] “Trung Sisters (d. 43 CE).”, 2007
[8] “Trung Sisters (d. 43 CE).”, 2007
[9] “Trung Sisters (d. 43 CE).”, 2007
[10] “Trung Sisters (d. 43 CE).”, 2007
[11] Lai and Wong, 2015
[12] Lai and Wong, 2015
[13] Lai and Wong, 2015
[14] Lai and Wong, 2015
[15] Lai and Wong, 2015
[16] Rielly, 2022, para. 4
[17] Lai and Wong, 2015
[18] Lai and Wong, 2015
[19] Lai and Wong, 2015
[20] Lai and Wong, 2015
[21] Lai and Wong, 2015
[22] “Trung Sisters (d. 43 CE).”, 2007
[23] Lai and Wong, 2015
[24] “Trung Sisters (d. 43 CE).”, 2007
[25] Rielly, 2022
[26] Rielly, 2022
[27] Rielly, 2022
[28] Rielly, 2022
[29] Rielly, 2022, para. 8
[30] Lai and Wong, 2015
[31] Lai and Wong, 2015
[32] Lai and Wong, 2015
[33] Lai and Wong, 2015
[34] Lai and Wong, 2015
[35] Lai and Wong, 2015
[36] Lai and Wong, 2015, p. 254
[37] Lai and Wong, 2015
[38] Lai and Wong, 2015
[39] Lai and Wong, 2015
[40] Rielly, 2022
[41] “Trung Sisters (d. 43 CE).”, 2007
[42] “Trung Sisters (d. 43 CE).”, 2007
[43] “Trung Sisters (d. 43 CE).”, 2007
[44] “Trung Sisters (d. 43 CE).”, 2007
[45] Rielly, 2022
[46] Rielly, 2022
[47] Rielly, 2022
[48] Rielly, 2022
The post Queen Trung Trac and Queen Trung Nhi – The rebel sisters who became Joint Queens of Vietnam and became national heroines appeared first on History of Royal Women.
May 17, 2025
The Year of Queen Sālote Tupou III – The life and death of ʻElisiva Fusipala Taukiʻonetuku
ʻElisiva Fusipala Taukiʻonetuku was born on 18 May 1850 as the daughter of Tēvita ʻUnga, who became Crown Prince of Tonga in 1875, and Fifita Vava’u. Her father was born to a secondary wife, so he only became Crown Prince after the death of his younger half-brother, Prince Vuna Takitakimālohi. Fusipala’s grandfather was the first King of modern Tonga, King George Tupou I.
Fusipala had two younger brothers, Prince ʻUiliamu ʻUelingatoni Ngū Tupoumālohi and Prince Nalesoni Laifone. Fusipala married her first cousin, Prince Siaʻosi Fatafehi Toutaitokotaha, who held the title of fourth Tuʻi Pelehake and who was a grandson of King George Tupou I through his mother.
Their only child, the future King George Tupou II of Tonga, was born on 18 June 1874. In the years to come, her importance would grow. Fusipala’s father died in 1879 before their grandfather, and the title of Crown Prince subsequently passed to the eldest of the two brothers. Crown Prince ʻUiliamu ʻUelingatoni Ngū Tupoumālohi. He died in 1885 without leaving any legitimate issue. Fusipala’s younger brother then became the Crown Prince. He, too, held the title just briefly – he died in June 1889 without leaving legitimate issue.
According to her grandfather’s will, Fusipala was now next in the line of succession.6
But more tragedy was to come. Sometime in September 1889. Fusipala herself died at the age of 39. Her cause of death is unclear.
In the end, King George Tupou II was succeeded by his great-grandson, Fusipala’s son, in 1893. Fusipala had missed out on becoming Queen in her own right by just four years. Her granddaughter, Sālote, succeeded as Queen in 1918.
The post The Year of Queen Sālote Tupou III – The life and death of ʻElisiva Fusipala Taukiʻonetuku appeared first on History of Royal Women.
The Year of Queen Sālote Tupou III – The Treaty of Friendship
Tonga now has formal relations with many countries, but perhaps its longest-running formal relationship is with the United Kingdom.
Expeditions to Tonga were led by the British explorer James Cook in 1773, 1774 and 1777. Missionaries travelled to Tonga, which led to conversions to Christianity – more specifically, Wesleyan Methodism – and strong religious ties to the United Kingdom. King George Tupou I was baptised by the English missionary Shirley Baker in 1831, and he established the constitutional monarchy of Tonga in 1875. This was followed by mutual diplomatic recognition in 1879.
On 18 May 1900, Tonga became a British-protected state under the so-called Treaty of Friendship. They did remain independent. The future Queen Sālote had only just been born, and the Kingdom was still in turmoil from the opposition to the King’s wedding to Sālote’s mother. When Basil Thomson, an envoy of the British government, visited Tonga, he took advantage of the “impulsive, faction-ridden little kingdom” to pressure Sālote’s father into signing the treaty.1 Thomson also managed to kiss the forehead of the three-week-old Princess Sālote.
The Treaty of Friendship gave “Britain most-favoured-nation status and allowed Britain to control Tonga’s relations with foreign countries, and also to exercise jurisdiction over all non-Tongan residents.” This clause of the treaty was initially not signed by the King but became a silent clause when the treaty was ratified the following year.2
In 1927, an amendment was made to the treaty. The so-called Papālagi (usually white foreigners) and other foreigners were previously not subject to Tongan law. The amendment meant that these two groups could now be tried for crimes and misdemeanours punishable by less than two years in prison. Any draft legislation that affected all non-Tongans would now also be submitted to the Agent & Consult for advice.3
During the 1950s, the relations between the two countries were strengthened when Queen Sālote went to Queen Elizabeth II’s coronation in London, and Queen Elizabeth II made a return visit in 1954.
The treaty was revised in 1958, which gave less power to the Agent & Consul, who now could only advise when advice was sought. Financial control over Tonga also came to an end. Britain would still be consulted on foreign relations, and it continued to be responsible for the defence of Tonga. Queen Sālote wanted more focus on the word friendship.4
During the closing of the 1959 session of parliament, Queen Sālote said, “Our hearts are full of gratitude when we consider how Tonga has been protected through turbulent periods of the past by the Treaty of Friendship. This should create in us a greater desire to give thanks to the Almighty God for making the Treaty of Friendship an instrument whereby His mercy and loving kindness are vouchsafed to us.”5
The Treaty held strong until 1968 when it ended with several arrangements.
The post The Year of Queen Sālote Tupou III – The Treaty of Friendship appeared first on History of Royal Women.
Countess Marianne Bernadotte of Wisborg has died at the age of 100
Countess Marianne Bernadotte of Wisborg has died at the age of 100. She died yesterday in a nursing home in Stockholm.
Her daughter told TT, “It was calm and peaceful, she was surrounded by her closest relatives and fell asleep at the nursing home on Gärdet in Stockholm. She was over 100 years old, with only two months to her 101st birthday.”
Countess Marianne was the wife of the late Count Sigvard Bernadotte. He was born as Prince Sigvard, the second son of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and Margaret of Connaught. Sigvard, who died in 2002, was an uncle of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.
Marianne was born on 15 July 1924 in Helsingborg in Skåne. She married Gabriel Tchang in 1947 and had three children before divorcing in 1957. Prince Sigvard lost his titles when he married Erica Maria Patzek in 1934. They were divorced in 1943 and he remarried that same year to Sonja Helene Robbert, with whom he had a son the following year. They were divorced in 1961.
In 1951, he received the title of Count of Wisborg from Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg, and he was called Prince Bernadotte. Sigvard married Marianne in 1961.
The post Countess Marianne Bernadotte of Wisborg has died at the age of 100 appeared first on History of Royal Women.
