Aditya Chatterjee's Blog, page 105

Null and void in C and C++

In C and C Programming language, NULL and void have two distinct meanings and use cases like NULL reference, void pointer and much more. We have explored this in depth.

Table of contents:What is nullnull or NULLWhere NULL is usedNULL referenceWhat is voidvoid pointer typevoid type in functionsWhat is null ?

Usually null in a programming language is treated as a value that can be assigned to a variable or an object.

This is different in C as null is an empty address stored by a ...

Convert Decimal to Hexadecimal

In this article, we will learn about decimal numbers, hexadecimal numbers and the algorithm to convert decimal to hexadecimal number.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

1.What is Number System?
2.What are Decimal Numbers?
3.What are Hexadecimal Numbers?
4.Algorithm for Conversion of Decimal to Hexadecimal
5.Program Implementation
6.Example with Detailed Explanation.
7.Example With the table Illustration
8.Examples to Workout.
9.Game Time

Number System

Number system is a system to represent numbers or quantities...

System Design of Microsoft Teams

In this article, we will look at the high-level system design of Microsoft Teams, its architecture, and how it works.

Table of Contents

A Short History of Microsoft TeamsSystem Design Requirements for TeamsLogical Architecture of TeamsTeams ServicesTeams Client ArchitectureWhere is Everything Stored?A Short History of Microsoft Teams

Microsoft Teams is a collaboration and communication platform used for chats, group communication, meetings, etc. It is proprietary software developed by Mi...

read command in Linux

We use the read command to read from standard input or file descriptors. In this article, we learn about the read command in Linux.

Table of contents.Introduction.Syntax.Basics.Variables.Prompts.Limiting input.Hiding input.Read with here stringsArrays.Read command timeout.Internal field separator(IFS).Return values.Summary.References.Introduction.

The read command is a built-in command in Linux that reads from a line from the standard input or a file descriptor and splits the li...

wall command in Linux

Linux is a multiuser system and as such there are occasions as system administrators we want to send a message to all logged-in users seamlessly, in this case, we use the wall command.

Table of contents:Introduction.Syntax.Commands.Summary.Introduction.

Linux is a multiuser operating system, therefore, we expect multiple users working on a system simultaneously. As system administrators, there are situations that require us to send messages to all logged-in system users, for example, syst...

Linked List Interview Questions [with answers]

This is the list of Interview Questions based on Linked List Data Structure. You must practice these Multiple Choice Questions. This will help you master Linked List Coding Questions for Interviews at companies like Google and Microsoft.

Go through this article to learn more about Linked List and practice different coding problems before you attempt the questions:

50+ Practice Coding Problems on Linked ListWhat is the time complexity to delete the current node in Linked List?O(1)O(N)O(l...

Questions on Convolution operation in ML

In this article, we have presented several Interview Questions (MCQs) with detailed answers on Convolution in Machine Learning models. Convolution is the most important and compute intensive operation in ML models.

Start practicing the following questions:

What is the time complexity of brute force approach for 2D Convolution?O(N^2 K^2)O(N^2)O(N * K)O(N^3)2D Convolution is the dot product of all sub-matrices of size K^2. There are O(N^2) such sub-matrices. So, the brute force approach ...

Here documents in Linux

A here document is a special code block with multi-line strings that can be redirected to the command script or interactive program. In this article, we learn about here documents in Linux.

Table of contents.Introduction.Syntax.Substituting parameters and commands.Function arguments.Piping and redirection.Here documents with SSHSummary.References.Introduction.

A here document uses a form of I/O redirection to feed a command list to an interactive program or command such as cat, FTP, t...

Perl Programming: Files, Regex, Subroutines, OOP

Perl is a general-purpose programming language with many applications. In this article, we look at Perl programming aspects such as files, regular expressions, subroutines, and Perl Object-Oriented Programming.

Table of contents.Introduction.Files.Regular expressions.Subroutines.Perl OOP.Summary.References.Prerequisites.Introduction Perl ProgrammingIntroduction.

Apart from being a useful tool for text processing and manipulation, Perl is also used in many other areas such as web de...

Python script to send email in Gmail

In this article, we have explained the idea of using Python to send email in Gmail with a complete Python implementation example.

Table of contents:

Introduction to SMTP and MIMEGenerate App password in GoogleEmail config file setupImplementation in PythonIntroduction to SMTP and MIME

The application level protocol, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), handles message service over TCP/IP networks. It is limited to only 7 bit ASCII characters and hence do not support languages such as Arab...