Paul Levinson's Blog: Levinson at Large, page 218

The Americans 5.11: Execution in Newton

About as powerful an episode - 5.11 - as it gets on The Americans, with Elizabeth and Philip stretched to their limits in a room in Newton, MA.

In that room is woman the Center has identified as a Nazi collaborator, who, as young woman, killed hundreds of Russian prisoners at the Nazis' behest.   Elizabeth and Philip first must make sure - to Philip's satisfaction - that the woman in the room is the Nazi collaborator.  That's what Philip insists upon before he agrees to the execution.

Elizabeth already is convinced that the woman is the Nazi collaborator.   But Philip not only wants to be convinced, he's not happy with killing the woman, now a grandmother, in any case.  We've seen Philip, ever since Martha, grow increasingly uncomfortable about carrying out his missions, especially when a killing is called for.

As the woman tells her story, two things become clear.   The woman was little more than a child when she did what she did, after the Nazi's killed her family and terrorized her.   And Philip does not want to kill her.

But Elizabeth does just that - and the woman's husband, too, to cover their tracks.   And so we have the schism between Elizabeth and Philip in jagged, glaring relief.

They drive back to Washington together,  Elizabeth says it's time for them to go back home - to Russia.  But my guess is they'll never be able to go back home, certainly not as the couple they once were.


See also The Americans 5.1: The Theft ... The Americans 5.2: Oleg and Stan ... The Americans 5.3: Cowboys and Bugs ... The Americans 5.4: Dating, Soviet-Spy Style ... The Americans 5.5: Wrong about the Bugs ... The Americans 5.7: Gabriel ... The Americans 5.9: Gabriel and Martha ... The Americans 5.10: That Pastor, Again
And see also The Americans 4.4: Life and Death ... The Americans 4.6: Martha, Martha, Martha ... The Americans 4.8: Whither Martha? ... The Day After The Americans 4.9 ... The Americans 4.10: Outstanding! ... The Americans 4.11: Close Call ... The Americans 4.12: Detente and Secret History
And see also The Americans 3.1: Caring for People We Shouldn't ... The Americans 3.3: End Justified the Means ...  The Americans 3.4: Baptism vs. Communism ... The Americans 3.6: "Jesus Came Through for Me Tonight" ...The Americans 3.7: Martha. My Dear ... The Americans 3.8: Martha, Part 2 ... The Americans 3.10: The Truth ... The Americans 3.12: The Unwigging ... The Americans Season 3 Finale: Turning a Paige
And see also The Americans 2.1-2: The Paradox of the Spy's Children ... The Americans 2.3: Family vs. Mission ... The Americans 2.7: Embryonic Internet and Lie Detection ... The Americans 2.9: Gimme that Old Time Religion ...The American 2.12: Espionage in Motion ... The Americans Season 2 Finale: Second Generation

And see also The Americans: True and Deep ... The Americans 1.4: Preventing World War III ... The Americans 1.11:  Elizabeth's Evolution ... The Americans Season 1 Finale: Excellent with One Exception
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King Charles III: Shakespearean Alternate Future

My wife and I caught King Charles III last night on PBS - a 90-minute play, brought to the TV screen, and a work of sheer and provocative genius.

The story is set in a very near future, in which Queen Elizabeth II has left this Earthly existence, and her son Charles, long the heir apparent Prince of Wales, has ascended to the throne at last.   This Charles is much like the Charles we know - a liberal progressive, who values freedom of the press to the extent that he refuses to sign a law passed by Parliament which would restrict it.  This is something that Elizabeth didn't do - refusing to ascent to the will of Parliament -  where the fun aka exquisite drama begins.

I won't tell you exactly what happens, other than that King Charles' actions unleash a crisis of government indeed in the UK, and that Charles, William, Kate, Harry, Camilla, all royals behave in ways that seem consistent with what we know of them in our reality.

Charles, in particular, comes across as a monarch who wants his reign to be meaningful - that is, make a difference, do the right thing as he sees it - but is ultimately dependent upon his family.  He is, in many respects, a perfect Shakespearean hero, caught in the cross-hairs of conflicts impossible to resolve.

Speaking of Shakespeare, Diana appears as a ghost who speaks (separately) to both Charles and William, and the dialogue is delivered in blank verse, with occasional and highly effective rhymes.   The acting is just superb, with the recently deceased Tim Pigott-Smith in the performance of his career as Charles, and excellent work by everyone in the royal family and beyond.

I can't imagine what the real Charles and William and Kate thought of this.  I hope they recognized it as the transcendent work of genius that it is, if even only to their inner selves.  We the public have no such conflicts.   Writer Michael Bartlett and Director Rupert Goold deserve every applicable award, as do the leading members of the cast, especially Pigott-Smith (as Charles) and Oliver Chris (as William) and Charlotte Riley (as Kate).

In our real world, in which Trump in the White House seems like an alternate reality too absurd to believe, King Charles III as near-future alternate reality is somehow as satisfying as it is deeply disturbing.

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NBC Reverses Decision and Renews Timeless: Lessons for Time Travel

Great news emerged last night on Twitter: Timeless, just cancelled by NBC, has now been renewed for a second season.  In other words, NBC does something a network rarely does, and never this quickly: it reversed its decision to cancel the series.

Or ...

Well, the lessons in this renewal for time travel make a good episode or even a series in itself.   Lucy, who's the most culturally adept on the time-travel team, went back just a few days in time and got NBC to see the light and keep the series going.   That point or something similar has been made everywhere, including by Eric Kripke.

But that's just the beginning of what this renewal can teach us about time travel.  We - you, me, everyone in the media and on Twitter - are fully aware that the series was just cancelled.  So this change-of-course by NBC, if it was the result of Lucy's travel to the past, tells us that when changes are made to the past, everyone in the world remembers the original reality (in this case, in which Timeless was cancelled) and the new one (in which Timeless was just renewed).

And this, in turn, tells us something very significant about the multiple universes hypothesis, which suggests that every time the past is changed, even in the slightest, a new universe or reality pops up.   We now know, since we are all well aware of the original and new realities regarding Timeless, that when a new reality is created, everyone in the new reality remembers the old reality - the two realities are not separate, mutually exclusive bubbles.

This may contradict a widely disseminated hypothesis about how Trump won the election (or the electoral college) - that some evil group from the future went back in time and monkeyed around with the votes in those few midwest states.   But since none of us actually remember Hillary winning the election - the original reality - this suggests that, if time travel were the reason, that in this case, unlike Timeless, changing the past also erased all memories of the original.

So, which is correct?  I'm going to go with the Timeless renewed being the result of time travel, and keep Trump out of my science fiction, since there's nothing the least bit enjoyable in that.

And I'll be back for sure with reviews for the new season on Timeless in 2018 ... unless something in history changes again.

See also Timeless 1.1: Threading the Needle ... Timeless 1.2: Small Change, Big Payoffs ... Timeless 1.3: Judith Campbell ... Timeless 1.4: Skyfall and Weapon of Choice ... Timeless 1.5: and Quantum Leap ... Timeless 1.6: Watergate and Rittenhouse ... Timeless 1.7: Stranded! ... Timeless 1.8: Time and Space ... Timeless 1.9: The Kiss and The Key ... Timeless 1.10: The End in the Middle ... Timeless 1.11: Edison, Ford, Morgan, Houdini, and Holmes (No, Not Sherlock)! ... Timeless 1.12: Incandescent West ... Timeless 1.13: Meeting, Mating, and Predictability ... Timeless 1.14: Paris in the 20s ... Timeless 1.15: Touched! .... Timeless 1.16: A Real Grandfather Paradox Story

-> and see also (evidence of original reality):  Time After Time, Timeless, and Frequency Now in the Dustbin of History


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Time After Time, Timeless, and Frequency in the Dustbin of History

It's been a bad year for time travel series on network television.  Time After Time, based on the excellent Malcolm McDowell movie, barely made it out of the starting gate on ABC.   Frequency, based on one of the best time travel movies ever made, had a short run on the CW, and was recently canceled. Timeless, a big ticket series on NBC, learned its sad fate yesterday.

Although I had good things to say about all three series, I can't say I'm surprised that they didn't make it.  In fact, though I'm always up for seeing any time travel on television, I also had problems with all three.

Frequency had in principle the best story.   The idea of a father (a cop) hearing from his son, in the future, that the father will be killed, worked well as a father and daughter set-up in the television series.   These kinds of personal time travel stories have a lot of appeal, precisely because they are a refreshing departure from saving the world.  But what worked great in the movie got bogged in the television series.   Of the three canceled series, I would have most wanted to see what happened next season, but the first season took a little too long to get there.

H. G. Wells traveling to our present in his time machine was a great idea for the Time After Time TV series as well as the movie.   For all we know, the series could have been excellent.  But we didn't get a chance to see that, and what we did see on screen got tied up in a few too many stories and subplots.

Timeless was original, and had some nice touches, such as travel to the past resulting in real, demonstrable changes in our present.   Most time travel stories don't dare go there.  But the labyrinth of conspiracies blunted the impact of the story, and the conspirators going back to the American Revolutionary War is something we saw before on screens.

12 Monkeys returns for three nights on the SyFy Channel later this month, and then next year for a final season.   The future of time travel on the screen may well reside on Netflix and Amazon.


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The Americans 5.10: That Pastor, Again

The most interesting part of The Americans 5.10 last night - which, like House of Cards and Designated Survivor is becoming ever more like our reality off the drama screen, given who is actually in the White House - featured Paige bringing home photos of Pastor's Tim diary.

In particular, the part of the diary in which Tim writes about how abused Paige seems, worse than a victim of sexual abuse, was outrightly shocking.  No wonder Paige is upset about this.

And now Philip and Elizabeth will be, too.  With the big question of: what will they do about it?

The two are caught between a rock and a hard place regarding that worse than pesky pastor.  If they do anything to harm him - such as killing him - that would undoubtedly provoke out-of-control reactions from Paige, i.e., actions that her parents cannot control.

But is getting him out of the country enough?  Should Tim ever share his concerns with any authority, that could well be the end for Philip and Elizabeth.  And, given the intensity of his feelings, isn't it just a matter of time before he lets someone else know about Paige and her family?

Paige has been a ticking time bomb for Philip and Elizabeth for a while now.  They dodged a bullet with Paige and Stan's son.   But what Tim wrote in his diary is far more dangerous.

Based on the killings in Russia these days in our reality, it's pretty clear what Putin would do.   But that's reality.  In the fictional world of The Americans, will the writers come up with something better?


See also The Americans 5.1: The Theft ... The Americans 5.2: Oleg and Stan ... The Americans 5.3: Cowboys and Bugs ... The Americans 5.4: Dating, Soviet-Spy Style ... The Americans 5.5: Wrong about the Bugs ... The Americans 5.7: Gabriel ... The Americans 5.9: Gabriel and Martha
And see also The Americans 4.4: Life and Death ... The Americans 4.6: Martha, Martha, Martha ... The Americans 4.8: Whither Martha? ... The Day After The Americans 4.9 ... The Americans 4.10: Outstanding! ... The Americans 4.11: Close Call ... The Americans 4.12: Detente and Secret History
And see also The Americans 3.1: Caring for People We Shouldn't ... The Americans 3.3: End Justified the Means ...  The Americans 3.4: Baptism vs. Communism ... The Americans 3.6: "Jesus Came Through for Me Tonight" ...The Americans 3.7: Martha. My Dear ... The Americans 3.8: Martha, Part 2 ... The Americans 3.10: The Truth ... The Americans 3.12: The Unwigging ... The Americans Season 3 Finale: Turning a Paige
And see also The Americans 2.1-2: The Paradox of the Spy's Children ... The Americans 2.3: Family vs. Mission ... The Americans 2.7: Embryonic Internet and Lie Detection ... The Americans 2.9: Gimme that Old Time Religion ...The American 2.12: Espionage in Motion ... The Americans Season 2 Finale: Second Generation

And see also The Americans: True and Deep ... The Americans 1.4: Preventing World War III ... The Americans 1.11:  Elizabeth's Evolution ... The Americans Season 1 Finale: Excellent with One Exception


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Another Reason to Abolish the Unconstitutional FCC

I've called many times for the abolition of the FCC.  Its very existence is a blatant violation of the First Amendment, and its insistence that "Congress shall make no law ... abridging the freedom of speech, or of press".

And now we have another reason: the FCC plans to "investigate" Stephen Colbert's comment on The Late Show that Donald Trump is Vladimir Putin's "cock holster".

Over the years, there's has been general agreement, even among those who (wrongly) believe that some Federal regulation of communication is necessary, that political criticism, including satire and hyperbole, is precisely what the First Amendment was most intended and designed to protect.  How else can a democracy run, if comedians cannot take their best shots against government officials, including Presidents?   Does it matter in the slightest if such comedic sallies are crude or vulgar?  Of course not - crudity and vulgarity are ever in the eyes and ears of the beholder.   And the First Amendment makes no exceptions, period.

But we now have a President who, as evidenced in so many ways, is not interested in protecting our democracy and its democratic traditions.  We have a President who has denounced the New York Times and CNN as "fake news," due to their honest reporting of facts he does not like to see.  We have a President who is constitutionally illiterate - indeed, apparently illiterate in most uses of our language.

Should I be investigated because I wrote that?  If you believe that, then you're no better than Trump, and you have no understanding of democracy and its necessities.

We should not be surprised that the FCC in Trump's administration wants to go after a late-night comedian. But we should staunchly oppose that.  If ever there was a reason to abolish this unconstitutional agency, we have it now, before it becomes - in addition to all the damage it's done and attempted to do over the years - another weapon in Trump's hands.


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The Americans 5.9: Gabriel and Martha

Just when we thought Gabriel was out of the picture and back in Moscow, he shows up in episode 5.9 at Martha's apartment in Moscow in a memorable even exquisite scene that only The Americans could serve up.

We saw Martha briefly, earlier this season, in a sadly depleted, dilapidated grocery store and story  - or what passes for a supermarket in Moscow - hunting for what food she could find.  Martha was beyond sad, a stranger with no hope in a strange land, the victim of Philip's spying, exiled rather than killed only because Philip insisted and Gabriel assented.

Gabriel is a decent man, at least as far as we can tell.   He pays Martha a visit because he seems genuinely interested in her well-being.  He reassures her that as her language improves, she will make friends, and meet a man, or someone she can spend her life with.

Martha's dinner - a potato with garnishes - was interrupted by Gabriel's visit.   In her last days back in America, she was beginning to develop a certain toughness.  That has now flourished in Moscow. When Gabriel tells her that Clark (Philip) wanted her to be ok, she responds that she now understands exactly what happened - she knows that she's been had.  Clark never loved her, he was using her.

And, yet, the irony is that Philip did have some feelings for Martha.  Their unhappy ending has changed him, too.  He's now more sensitive about what he and Elizabeth are doing, increasingly questioning the wisdom and motives of the Center.

And so the curtain closes on this extraordinary scene.  Will we ever see Martha and Gabriel again, either together or individually?  Who knows.  In this narrative which has deftly woven together such two cities, Washington and Moscow, anything is possible.


See also The Americans 5.1: The Theft ... The Americans 5.2: Oleg and Stan ... The Americans 5.3: Cowboys and Bugs ... The Americans 5.4: Dating, Soviet-Spy Style ... The Americans 5.5: Wrong about the Bugs ... The Americans 5.7: Gabriel
And see also The Americans 4.4: Life and Death ... The Americans 4.6: Martha, Martha, Martha ... The Americans 4.8: Whither Martha? ... The Day After The Americans 4.9 ... The Americans 4.10: Outstanding! ... The Americans 4.11: Close Call ... The Americans 4.12: Detente and Secret History
And see also The Americans 3.1: Caring for People We Shouldn't ... The Americans 3.3: End Justified the Means ...  The Americans 3.4: Baptism vs. Communism ... The Americans 3.6: "Jesus Came Through for Me Tonight" ...The Americans 3.7: Martha. My Dear ... The Americans 3.8: Martha, Part 2 ... The Americans 3.10: The Truth ... The Americans 3.12: The Unwigging ... The Americans Season 3 Finale: Turning a Paige
And see also The Americans 2.1-2: The Paradox of the Spy's Children ... The Americans 2.3: Family vs. Mission ... The Americans 2.7: Embryonic Internet and Lie Detection ... The Americans 2.9: Gimme that Old Time Religion ...The American 2.12: Espionage in Motion ... The Americans Season 2 Finale: Second Generation

And see also The Americans: True and Deep ... The Americans 1.4: Preventing World War III ... The Americans 1.11:  Elizabeth's Evolution ... The Americans Season 1 Finale: Excellent with One Exception



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American Playboy: The Hugh Hefner Story: Highly Recommended and Not Just for the Pictures

Binge-watched American Playboy: The Hugh Hefner Story on Amazon Prime the past few days. The 10-episode documentary-docudrama was excellent, and not just because of the pictures.

Hefner himself plays a major role, not just in real footage over half a century, but from an extensive interview he did in 1991.   Matt Whelan is convincing as a young through middle-aged Hefner, and provides narration throughout.  The same formula is effectively employed for Hefner's inner circle and brain trust at Playboy - recent interviews with the real people mixed with actual footage of them in their younger days, and lots of docudrama reenactments for the earlier days - as well as for important women in the story, including Barbie Benton (described by Hefner as the "love of my life"), Dorothy Stratten (a gorgeous blonde Playmate murdered by her jealous husband), and Marilyn Cole (British Playmate who helped Playboy in its competition with Penthouse by showing some frontal nudity).

The battle between Playboy and Penthouse, which came on the scene in America (I'm not going to try and avoid double entendres) in 1969, some 16 years after Playboy launched its first issue in 1953 with Marilyn Monroe on the cover and never looked back, is indeed one of the major themes of the documentary (or its second half). This true story of escalating nudity in the competition for readership and its conclusion in the 21st century and the age of the Internet is especially relevant to media theory. Playboy's circulation today of 600,000+ is less than 10-percent of what it had at its height in the 1970s (over 7 million for its November 1972 issue), and Penthouse, which with its raunchier pictures briefly exceeded Playboy's circulation in the 1970s, now has just a little over 100,000.  The reason is the instant access to porn on the Internet, which caters to every taste, and, by the way, is free.

The U. S. government, by the way, did its utmost to stamp out freedom of expression on the Internet (see my analysis in The Soft Edge of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 and the Supreme Court's wise ruling that it was in violation of the First Amendment),  and though it by and large did not succeed regarding the Internet, it hounded Hefner throughout his career, and did some damage. Hefner himself was never convicted of a crime, but his casinos in New Jersey and England (the British government was no better than the American) were denied liquor licenses on pretexts, and Hefner's long-time assistant Bobbie Arnstein took her own life in the  Nixonian 1970s when faced with the choice of going to jail or making up garbage about Hefner.   This tragic example of a U. S. Attorney behaving like Gestapo has special and chilling relevance in our own age of Trump.

But as this documentary makes clear, Hefner and Playboy were often targets not only of the government but the media, which should have been Playboy's staunchest defenders on freedom of expression, but were either too dumb, blind, jealous, or all three to see that.  In this regard, I was surprised to see what what a, well, a-hole the young Mike Wallace was in his smug sneering interview of Hefner in the early days (though a much older Wallace seems to admit the error of his younger ways).

Gloria Steinem and the feminist critique of Playboy is yet another related issue, and I'd say that both sides have merit to their positions here, so to each her/his own.  Hefner to this day insists he's always been a champion of women and their rights - including medical care and control over their bodies but also taking off their clothes for Playboy.  The feminist argument that this last part "objectifies" women is also true.  My own view, for what it's worth, is that everything's ok among consenting adults.

There's almost no such thing as a perfect documentary on a subject you know well, because it's almost sure to leave out some things that you deem significant, inevitable given you didn't make the documentary.  I regretted no mention of the Marshall McLuhan interview in the March 1969 Playboy in the otherwise good segment on the importance of the Playboy interviews,  because McLuhan was not only the most important media theorist in history but that interview was by far his most informative (see my McLuhan in an Age of Social Media for why his ideas are more relevant than ever today).  And, similarly, no mention of Alice Turner and the great science fiction she brought to the magazine in the 1990s (I met Alice when I was President of the Science Fiction Writers of America in 1999, so I guess I'm a little biased).

But these are small quibbles indeed about an outstanding documentary, free on Amazon Prime, which everyone interested in media and the popular culture of the past 60 years should see.

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Bosch 3: Best Season So Far

Binge-watched the third season of Bosch on Amazon the past few nights, and found it better than ever.

Among my favorite parts of this unconventional season of an unconventional hard-boiled LA noir cop series are: a serial killer who comes in and out of the story, and apparently has no connection to the central story lines, rides by Bosch, untouched, and likely to play a central role in season 4; Bosch discovers that he has not solved his mother's murder, and the new suspect is, well, I don't want to give that much away; and, Frank Herbert's Dune makes a cameo appearance.

Bosch has a gut connection to The Wire, and not just because Jamie Hector and Lance Reddick play major roles.   There's nothing in Bosch like The Wire's drug crime and culture of Baltimore, but the police part of Bosch has the same compelling intra-gritty cop story.

Loyalty is always put to the test, in an environment in which almost no detective is thoroughly ethical or reliable.  Bosch epitomizes this - he's par excellence no angel, but someone you'd want on your side and not on your case.  Titus Welliver delivers the best performance of his career - by far - and is well on his way to portraying a character as iconic as Sgt. Friday.  In fact, I'm feeling more and more that this Bosch series of Dragnet meets The Wire will be as significant in our popular culture as those 1950s network television and early 21st century cable series.

Unlike many other fine police shows - such as Chicago PD, which deals with a different case just about every week, and has a Sargent who is not quite believable in the violence he dishes out - Bosch sticks with its several cases throughout its 10-episode season, with some of those cases even going a lot further than one season.  And the quality of the detective life portrayed on Bosch feels to me more realistic, though I have no direct knowledge myself of what police life is actually like.   It's testament to the writing, acting, and production of the series that it feels so real.

I've enjoyed Bosch from its first season two years ago. But having just seen the third season, I'm thinking Bosch is on its way to being one of the best police dramas ever on television.

See also  Bosch: First Half: Highly Recommended ... Bosch: Second Half as Fine as the First ...  Bosch Season 2: Dragnet with Uber


                   another kind of police story 

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The American 5.7: Gabriel

A wonderful episode of The Americans - 5.7 - tonight, in which Gabriel presumably says goodbye.

Elizabeth asks him why he's leaving.  He tells her because the burden of the bad as well as the good that he's done adds up, with the bad becoming a little too much to bear.   We probably know what tipped the balance - lying to Philip about his son.

And when Philip comes to see him, at Gabriel's request, Gabriel lies to Philip again - a lie of omission, in still not telling about his son.  But he does impart a surprising nugget of truth to Philip, in his quiet, heartfelt words to Philip that Philip was right in not wanting Paige to go into the business.   Too much possible bad to outweigh the good.

And Paige had a powerful night herself, in effect moving ever closer to her parents' line of work, by breaking up with Matthew.   She doesn't want to keep lying to him.  But, if she has a low tolerance for lying, then maybe she's not cut out to be a spy after all.

Frank Langella has been a world-class actor all of his life, from his brilliant portrayal of Dracula on Broadway (which my wife and I saw in 1977) to every film he's ever been in.  He brought all of that to Gabriel in The Americans.  His conversation with Paige at the beginning of the hour was one of the best in the entire series.

Like Elizabeth and Philip, I don't want to see him go.

See also The Americans 5.1: The Theft ... The Americans 5.2: Oleg and Stan ... The Americans 5.3: Cowboys and Bugs ... The Americans 5.4: Dating, Soviet-Spy Style ... The Americans 5.5: Wrong about the Bugs
And see also The Americans 4.4: Life and Death ... The Americans 4.6: Martha, Martha, Martha ... The Americans 4.8: Whither Martha? ... The Day After The Americans 4.9 ... The Americans 4.10: Outstanding! ... The Americans 4.11: Close Call ... The Americans 4.12: Detente and Secret History
And see also The Americans 3.1: Caring for People We Shouldn't ... The Americans 3.3: End Justified the Means ...  The Americans 3.4: Baptism vs. Communism ... The Americans 3.6: "Jesus Came Through for Me Tonight" ...The Americans 3.7: Martha. My Dear ... The Americans 3.8: Martha, Part 2 ... The Americans 3.10: The Truth ... The Americans 3.12: The Unwigging ... The Americans Season 3 Finale: Turning a Paige
And see also The Americans 2.1-2: The Paradox of the Spy's Children ... The Americans 2.3: Family vs. Mission ... The Americans 2.7: Embryonic Internet and Lie Detection ... The Americans 2.9: Gimme that Old Time Religion ...The American 2.12: Espionage in Motion ... The Americans Season 2 Finale: Second Generation

And see also The Americans: True and Deep ... The Americans 1.4: Preventing World War III ... The Americans 1.11:  Elizabeth's Evolution ... The Americans Season 1 Finale: Excellent with One Exception


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