Bertha Pappenheim was the founder of the Jewish feminist movement in Germany. She was committed to both Judaism and feminism, believing that feminism could reinvigorate German Judaism. As a young adult she was Josef Breuer’s patient, and her case was the subject of Sigmund Freud’s writings – her treatment thus marked the beginning of psychoanalysis. In 1902 Pappenheim established a modern social work organization and, based on its success, she founded the League of Jewish Women. Pappenheim believed that male-led Jewish social service societies underestimated the value of women’s work and insisted on a woman’s movement that was equal to and entirely independent of men’s organizations. Pappenheim was also dedicated to the issue of prostitutioBertha Pappenheim was the founder of the Jewish feminist movement in Germany. She was committed to both Judaism and feminism, believing that feminism could reinvigorate German Judaism. As a young adult she was Josef Breuer’s patient, and her case was the subject of Sigmund Freud’s writings – her treatment thus marked the beginning of psychoanalysis. In 1902 Pappenheim established a modern social work organization and, based on its success, she founded the League of Jewish Women. Pappenheim believed that male-led Jewish social service societies underestimated the value of women’s work and insisted on a woman’s movement that was equal to and entirely independent of men’s organizations. Pappenheim was also dedicated to the issue of prostitution – she attended all major international conferences on the subject and traveled to Eastern Europe to organize Jewish anti-white slavery committees....more
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