Pearl Zhu's Blog, page 1466
December 24, 2014
The Spirit of Christmas Carol
As a fable, "Christmas Carol" shows that people can change and start to think about the greater good.
It is the holiday season and it is Christmas Eve, even though we may honor and celebrate the holidays in different ways, there are common threads to make best wishes; peace on earth, human progress, abundance of wisdom, equal opportunity, empathy and more... Charles Dickens wrote a novella, "A Christmas Carol", that we probably all have read at least once-always worth reading again, is it time to revisit the spirit of Christmas Carol at Christmas Eve?
What we can change and "hope" are very important elements of the story "A Christmas Carol.” Literature and music allow us an opportunity-a window if you will-to see the past though another person/character's eyes and to hopefully not repeat the same mistakes. Unfortunately, we are challenged today by the same things that Charles Dickens wrote about. We shall realize we can change, whether forced by circumstances or our own initiatives. Change happens whether we want it or not...A timely reminder. What we can change and "hope" are very important elements of the story "A Christmas Carol, “ it is so relevant for each of us to apply to the challenges we face today. The challenge that we all face in reading literature, listening to music that has a purpose and even viewing art is the challenge of transforming ourselves-changing our own heart and spirit.
Charles Dickens is shining the light on who we are individually and who we are collectively; and he is presenting Scrooge, our selves and society as a whole, an opportunity/challenge/crisis to change our hearts and minds. Allow our own self awareness to discover, learn and apply the message/life lessons to discover the true spirit of Christmas; not just for one day or one season, but each day-which is a gift that we have been given. It’s true indeed that each of us ought to take time to listen to one another’s voice with the intent of understanding. It's so easy to get caught up in ourselves, for ourselves and miss the essence of communication with one another. It is the time to GIVE, not only the food or clothes to warm the heart via sympathy, but more importantly to SHARE the insight and wisdom to connect the minds and souls via empathy.
Dickens also wrote "I will honor Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year." Now that's something worth aiming for. But the insight he added to this was that it is us, each one of us, that forge the chains - and equally it is us that have the power to remove them. If the chains he spoke about are injustice and brutality, each one of us can choose not to hand our humanity over to either one. We can instead choose to lead and to work with kindness and insight, each is making a small contribution to removing those chains. We all have the capacity to choose love over hate, good over evil, and demonstrate good will to all mankind. Isn't it great how this story's symbolism and lessons we learn from it can transform, enlighten, empower us to be more self aware/mindful of people/life around us. Christmas carol points out that humanity needs to remember that money is important, but not everything. Leadership needs to provide guidance and assist others in the success in their lives as they assist the company with it success. Different leadership styles look at business first and members second that's good for long term as long as both are prosperous.
"A Christmas Carol" is a brilliant and timeless story. Technology is more advanced, the skyscrapers have been built up, the information is only a click away, but, do people's minds sill lag behind the digital era we live in? Have the fundamental challenges facing mankind been overcome yet? This is an interesting comparison that reinforces the old adage " the more things change the more they stay the same". As a fable, it shows that people can change and start to think about the greater good. It's a wonderful parable about the power of the human spirit to find joy, to find purpose and a reflection of the truism that sometimes people have to be scared to their core in order to change and learn and grow. Changing ourselves is only possible if we are willing to take action and apply the lessons learned from this story. Otherwise, it's just another book on the shelf that collects dust.
Merry Christmas to You!
Follow us at: @Pearl_Zhu
December 23, 2014
Agile Knowledge Management
"Knowledge on demand" is about making all types of data and information accessible in situations and contexts as needed.
Digitization makes information only a click away, but managing knowledge becomes more challenging due to the the abundance of content, the multitude of information format, the timely delivery and risk/compliance concerns, etc. How shall you apply the Agile philosophy and principle to modern knowledge management, does “Knowledge on Demand” an ultimate goal in your organization?
Knowledge Management is about making all types of data and information accessible in situations and contexts as needed; with KM, coming up with an agreed upon model that can be deployed across a range of enterprises and supported by enough insight and experience that overall is accepted practice. An updated comprehensive definition of operational KM obligates that quality is at the heart of the competencies and skills needed by information professionals. Knowledge Management is about making all types of data and information (including implicit, explicit and tacit) accessible in situations and contexts as needed so that viable options materialize. This enables informed decisions and actions to be executed resulting in improvement of quality outcomes. This quality perspective ensures that firstly the right things get done in facilitating strategic effectiveness as well as secondly enabling them to be done in the best known way to deliver on efficiency.
A slow management decision cycle is the biggest killer of agility. Agility is more about management decision making than it is about organizational processes, KM techniques, resources available, or any other factor. In general, management takes its time with decision making, because the goal is usually to minimize risk/exposure, not to achieve timeliness in seizing opportunities. Using business incubators, cloud computing, enterprise social networking, agile business intelligence, time-management, managing efficiently meetings, delegating responsibility etc., creating an open culture and giving a good leadership to get better relationships between employees and get knowledge exchange. Apply agile KM and effective HR methods to attract, insert and retain talent with incentives via good training programs. encouraging mentoring.
Knowledge on Demand! An agile approach to process improvement allows organizations to make small changes to a process over a series of iterations. Use small requirements (user stories) as opposed to a complete requirements document to get started. The constant feedback you get from the stakeholders after your release (iteration) will be your guide. This leads to greater adoption, encourages proper measurement of results and a focus on continuous improvement. The struggle is to define what areas are purely "KM" within an Agile context. And the challenge is developing a set of replicable steps for capturing tacit and implicit knowledge and turning it into explicit knowledge that can be accessed by an entire enterprise when needed: Knowledge on demand comes from highly networked groups that can access one another rather than an enterprise level system. From knowledge management perspective, try doing an organizational network analysis, and identifying people from different strata of the company that act as nodes. Tap in to them to get system feedback. It is a networked (think social governance) rather than process (rigid, bureaucratic governance) means of KM.
There is definitely a place for Agile in KM, which goes way beyond decision making; specifically with the design and implementation of KM frameworks within an organization, build agile into the KM process, and specifically in the ability of the organization to capture, adapt, transfer, and reuse their knowledge, as part of the work process. Combine agile PM methods with KM tools in one operating model, which has been successful to date. For example, if knowledge communities provide feedback through their champions for improvements that need to be made in a KM cycle (managed by a core KM team), combined with implementation of gateway reviews, this then results in a constant cycle of improvement by ensuring solid criteria is in place for the gateways, and any work (initiative/project/process) that successfully passes through the gateway, is used as best practice guidelines for subsequent work. The gateway process is regularly enhanced via feedback from the communities to the core KM team......agile, but still controlled!
It is important to think about the limitations of certain types of control. Developing a set of steps for "capturing" tacit knowledge is inherently a structured approach to KM, that will be limited in its ability to change rapidly. The advantage of Agile movement is that it stresses speed over perfection, allowing room for many, smaller iterations of a problem solving. Within KM, it seems like it would be more important to build capability for access and adjustment into the people who know (producers and users of knowledge within the organization). The challenges for today’s business is that its community is diverse in many ways - language, culture, geography, technical ability and comfort - among many other issues, you have to constantly promote the knowledge base, and it is not easy to get knowing if it is used, how often, how is it meeting the needs of the community - if change is needed, you have to rapidly design, build, and deploy that change, getting feedback from the community on what they would like to see or need.
Knowledge is the power, and KM agility enable managers and employees to capture the right knowledge timely in order to make the right decision or unleash their growth potential. An effective digital knowledge management shall apply agile principle to accelerating the speed of knowledge delivery, enforcing cross-functional communication and build an ongoing capability to run a truely smart business.
Follow us at: @Pearl_Zhu
Digitization makes information only a click away, but managing knowledge becomes more challenging due to the the abundance of content, the multitude of information format, the timely delivery and risk/compliance concerns, etc. How shall you apply the Agile philosophy and principle to modern knowledge management, does “Knowledge on Demand” an ultimate goal in your organization?
Knowledge Management is about making all types of data and information accessible in situations and contexts as needed; with KM, coming up with an agreed upon model that can be deployed across a range of enterprises and supported by enough insight and experience that overall is accepted practice. An updated comprehensive definition of operational KM obligates that quality is at the heart of the competencies and skills needed by information professionals. Knowledge Management is about making all types of data and information (including implicit, explicit and tacit) accessible in situations and contexts as needed so that viable options materialize. This enables informed decisions and actions to be executed resulting in improvement of quality outcomes. This quality perspective ensures that firstly the right things get done in facilitating strategic effectiveness as well as secondly enabling them to be done in the best known way to deliver on efficiency.
A slow management decision cycle is the biggest killer of agility. Agility is more about management decision making than it is about organizational processes, KM techniques, resources available, or any other factor. In general, management takes its time with decision making, because the goal is usually to minimize risk/exposure, not to achieve timeliness in seizing opportunities. Using business incubators, cloud computing, enterprise social networking, agile business intelligence, time-management, managing efficiently meetings, delegating responsibility etc., creating an open culture and giving a good leadership to get better relationships between employees and get knowledge exchange. Apply agile KM and effective HR methods to attract, insert and retain talent with incentives via good training programs. encouraging mentoring.
Knowledge on Demand! An agile approach to process improvement allows organizations to make small changes to a process over a series of iterations. Use small requirements (user stories) as opposed to a complete requirements document to get started. The constant feedback you get from the stakeholders after your release (iteration) will be your guide. This leads to greater adoption, encourages proper measurement of results and a focus on continuous improvement. The struggle is to define what areas are purely "KM" within an Agile context. And the challenge is developing a set of replicable steps for capturing tacit and implicit knowledge and turning it into explicit knowledge that can be accessed by an entire enterprise when needed: Knowledge on demand comes from highly networked groups that can access one another rather than an enterprise level system. From knowledge management perspective, try doing an organizational network analysis, and identifying people from different strata of the company that act as nodes. Tap in to them to get system feedback. It is a networked (think social governance) rather than process (rigid, bureaucratic governance) means of KM.
There is definitely a place for Agile in KM, which goes way beyond decision making; specifically with the design and implementation of KM frameworks within an organization, build agile into the KM process, and specifically in the ability of the organization to capture, adapt, transfer, and reuse their knowledge, as part of the work process. Combine agile PM methods with KM tools in one operating model, which has been successful to date. For example, if knowledge communities provide feedback through their champions for improvements that need to be made in a KM cycle (managed by a core KM team), combined with implementation of gateway reviews, this then results in a constant cycle of improvement by ensuring solid criteria is in place for the gateways, and any work (initiative/project/process) that successfully passes through the gateway, is used as best practice guidelines for subsequent work. The gateway process is regularly enhanced via feedback from the communities to the core KM team......agile, but still controlled!
It is important to think about the limitations of certain types of control. Developing a set of steps for "capturing" tacit knowledge is inherently a structured approach to KM, that will be limited in its ability to change rapidly. The advantage of Agile movement is that it stresses speed over perfection, allowing room for many, smaller iterations of a problem solving. Within KM, it seems like it would be more important to build capability for access and adjustment into the people who know (producers and users of knowledge within the organization). The challenges for today’s business is that its community is diverse in many ways - language, culture, geography, technical ability and comfort - among many other issues, you have to constantly promote the knowledge base, and it is not easy to get knowing if it is used, how often, how is it meeting the needs of the community - if change is needed, you have to rapidly design, build, and deploy that change, getting feedback from the community on what they would like to see or need.
Knowledge is the power, and KM agility enable managers and employees to capture the right knowledge timely in order to make the right decision or unleash their growth potential. An effective digital knowledge management shall apply agile principle to accelerating the speed of knowledge delivery, enforcing cross-functional communication and build an ongoing capability to run a truely smart business.
Follow us at: @Pearl_Zhu
A Simplicity Mind
"Any intelligent fool can make things bigger, more complex, and more violent. It takes a touch of genius -- and a lot of courage -- to move in the opposite direction." -Albert Einstein
Both simplicity and complexity are states of minds. Simplicity has multitude of perspectives, what’s the “simplicity” referred to? What’s the true relationship between simplicity and complexity? Does simplicity come through art or science?
Simplifying the Complexity is the best mindcrafting: Our minds conforms to everything which is structured and planned. Complexity is the process to exercise your mind, to make things simple. A rational mind complicates the simple things. A intuitive mind simplify the complexity. An artistic mind looks at it simply. An Architect’s mind abstracts the complexity; A system mind streamline complexity. A critical mind probes the complexity. And a Self-Aware mind goes beyond the complexity.
The simplicity and the complexity are just opposite ends of the same spectrum. Simplicity and Complexity is an age-old dilemma even in English Grammar! That compounds all "problems." You need complexity to understand and appreciate simplicity and vice versa. It's all about balance and perception. In the core of simplicity lies complexity,..more simple one perceives in any system, problem or living being is inherently more complex....Externally simplicity is directly proportional to internally complexity.
Diving deep and getting a simple answer is true simplicity. Remove the layers of complexity to reach what is simple at the core. These layers of complexity exist only in mind. Science is into simplifying the complexity. It decodes the unseen. Unseen is complex, until it is known. Once known, it becomes simple. Ask questions before communicating to others: 1). Is it easily understandable? 2). Have I omitted anything by oversight? 3). Have I taken anything for granted? If we believe in nature's order of creation then we simplify the complexity, and if we don't believe in it then we complicate the simple things. The problem with simple solutions is that they do not appear exciting...they do not make one's adrenaline rush.. and therefore they are not appreciated.
Simplicity and Complexity are states of mind. Life is a paradox...It is full of contradictions... getting simple answers out of that paradox could be the motive of some people. To look at things from various sides does not make anything complex...it is a process to simplify. Some get into it, some do not. One makes things simple when one brings people to understand them. The skill to trigger understanding gives power; there is value in making things simple because complexity threatens or stupefies, simplicity feels familiar, concise and practical. However, not every complexity is bad, all the intelligent beings are complex at certain level, the point is how to eliminate the unnecessary complexity (complication) to make it elegant, Labels influence the mind to look at things their way which could be the root of all complications...complication causes uncertainty, insecurity and a sense of incompetence. And you know the elegant solution when you see it.
Simplicity has multitude of perspectives. Elegance is such a word to convey “just right” simplicity. Simplicity is an aspect of “appropriate” abstraction. There is relationship between simplicity and clarity. With simplicity, what we are adding is clarity and purpose. Let us decode the complexity, we make our path, life is always good, we make it complex or simple, the sooner we learn the better simple person we will be, we all have power within, to think, learn and expand our knowledge, choice is ours. People complicate the simple things when they don't have the answers. The masters decode the complex..and make it simple but purposeful.
Follow us at: @Pearl_Zhu
Both simplicity and complexity are states of minds. Simplicity has multitude of perspectives, what’s the “simplicity” referred to? What’s the true relationship between simplicity and complexity? Does simplicity come through art or science? Simplifying the Complexity is the best mindcrafting: Our minds conforms to everything which is structured and planned. Complexity is the process to exercise your mind, to make things simple. A rational mind complicates the simple things. A intuitive mind simplify the complexity. An artistic mind looks at it simply. An Architect’s mind abstracts the complexity; A system mind streamline complexity. A critical mind probes the complexity. And a Self-Aware mind goes beyond the complexity.
The simplicity and the complexity are just opposite ends of the same spectrum. Simplicity and Complexity is an age-old dilemma even in English Grammar! That compounds all "problems." You need complexity to understand and appreciate simplicity and vice versa. It's all about balance and perception. In the core of simplicity lies complexity,..more simple one perceives in any system, problem or living being is inherently more complex....Externally simplicity is directly proportional to internally complexity.
Diving deep and getting a simple answer is true simplicity. Remove the layers of complexity to reach what is simple at the core. These layers of complexity exist only in mind. Science is into simplifying the complexity. It decodes the unseen. Unseen is complex, until it is known. Once known, it becomes simple. Ask questions before communicating to others: 1). Is it easily understandable? 2). Have I omitted anything by oversight? 3). Have I taken anything for granted? If we believe in nature's order of creation then we simplify the complexity, and if we don't believe in it then we complicate the simple things. The problem with simple solutions is that they do not appear exciting...they do not make one's adrenaline rush.. and therefore they are not appreciated.
Simplicity and Complexity are states of mind. Life is a paradox...It is full of contradictions... getting simple answers out of that paradox could be the motive of some people. To look at things from various sides does not make anything complex...it is a process to simplify. Some get into it, some do not. One makes things simple when one brings people to understand them. The skill to trigger understanding gives power; there is value in making things simple because complexity threatens or stupefies, simplicity feels familiar, concise and practical. However, not every complexity is bad, all the intelligent beings are complex at certain level, the point is how to eliminate the unnecessary complexity (complication) to make it elegant, Labels influence the mind to look at things their way which could be the root of all complications...complication causes uncertainty, insecurity and a sense of incompetence. And you know the elegant solution when you see it.Simplicity has multitude of perspectives. Elegance is such a word to convey “just right” simplicity. Simplicity is an aspect of “appropriate” abstraction. There is relationship between simplicity and clarity. With simplicity, what we are adding is clarity and purpose. Let us decode the complexity, we make our path, life is always good, we make it complex or simple, the sooner we learn the better simple person we will be, we all have power within, to think, learn and expand our knowledge, choice is ours. People complicate the simple things when they don't have the answers. The masters decode the complex..and make it simple but purposeful.
Follow us at: @Pearl_Zhu
Is Creativity Opposite from Automation
The purposeful manipulation of the stages of 'preparation', 'incubation' and 'illumination' is a widespread protocol for creative output among professionals.
Human’s mind is complex, mysterious and even paradoxical; on one side, by nature, people are creative to adapt to the environment by inventing the new tools and innovating the new way to do things; on the other hand, humans are mechanical as well, that involves setting up automatic sequences (schemas) that they can invoke to get repetitive tasks accomplished. So what’s the philosophical debate about Creativity vs. Automation?
Conscious mind vs. subconscious mind: The crux of using our subconscious mind is to appreciate how different it is from our conscious mind. Conscious thinking is slower as it is primarily to ready thoughts for communication, often in language. However, intuitive thinking is subconscious, fast, and effective. Using that form we perform tasks without being aware of what has been done. Complex they may be, we have learned them in sufficient detail and with sufficient repetition that we do not need much cognitive effort to perform them. The crux of using our subconscious mind is to appreciate how different it is from our conscious mind. Even though the conscious mind and subconscious mind exist in the same body, they have vastly different characteristics. Conscious mind and subconscious mind cannot be separated. And, if they do not work together, the results can be harmful. Our conscious and subconscious thinking (rather than mind) work together. That is nature. Subconscious thinking is more efficient, but conscious thinking is more disciplined. The latter is a precursor to communicating some ideas. Our real thinking happens subconsciously so we are not aware of it happening. However we become aware of its consequences for they appear as conscious thinking.
Schematic thinking ( via repetitive process) is the antithesis of creativity! Humans are mechanical. We tend to learn things in a series of small steps. Each step is quite simple and the link between steps is not a smooth one. Gradually this evens itself out as we learn whatever it is we are learning. Those initial steps were as they were, because we use conscious thinking. We specialize in working out the way of doing things that involves the minimum (cognitive) effort. That involves setting up automatic sequences (schemas) that we can invoke to get repetitive tasks accomplished. It really doesn't matter how complex those tasks are, it matters only that they are performed regularly & repetitively. That repetitive, schematic kind of process is perhaps the antithesis of creativity because, by definition, we are not looking for alternative ways of doing things. Schematic thinking is the why creative solutions may be overlooked for years before someone views a problem or challenge in a different way - in other words, they have made the cognitive investment to look at something in a non-schematic way and come up with a creative solution.
"Automatic" and "creative" by their definitions, do not sit comfortably well with each other... when a human interactive task becomes automated, we have disconnected from our creative interaction with it. We have defaulted to mind and muscle memory. That is not to say that during this repetitive task that our subconscious capacity cannot or will not produce creative ideas for other related (or even disparate) tasks. Not at all - in fact the more mindless the task the higher probability of subconscious disruption. To be interactively creative within a task is to suppress any automation or disembodiment, to immerse with it.
The purposeful manipulation of the stages of 'preparation', 'incubation' and 'illumination' is a widespread protocol for creative output among professionals.The process of 'preloading' the subconscious capacity with a task (requiring a creative solution) and then deliberately distracting the conscious mind is quite common in creative industries. There seems little doubt that the corpus callosum which communicates between the two hemispheres of the brain is an important influence on creativity. It has also a miserably poor 'data rate', in other words the two hemispheres do not communicate easily. One of the things that quite dramatically improves the data transfer rate is doing a mindless task, which may go some way to explaining why 'Ah ha moments' come when you are, for instance, going for a walk. It is not clear whether the task has to be physical (like taking the walk) or whether it could be mental, such as the repetition of the mantra during meditation. Either way it is clear that creativity in general can be enhanced by performing a task, with the subject of the creative effort having nothing to do with the task.
Genuine creativity is the opposite of automation, however, understanding that our subconscious capacity to generate disparate creative associations is not exclusively associated with the conscious task at hand. The two phenomena are related, but not at the exclusion of all others.There exists a wealth of empirical and anecdotal evidence to support the understanding that one may be consciously engaged in one task, only to have the subconscious offer up into conscious thought, proposals and solutions to unrelated tasks.
Follow us at: @Pearl_Zhu
Human’s mind is complex, mysterious and even paradoxical; on one side, by nature, people are creative to adapt to the environment by inventing the new tools and innovating the new way to do things; on the other hand, humans are mechanical as well, that involves setting up automatic sequences (schemas) that they can invoke to get repetitive tasks accomplished. So what’s the philosophical debate about Creativity vs. Automation?
Conscious mind vs. subconscious mind: The crux of using our subconscious mind is to appreciate how different it is from our conscious mind. Conscious thinking is slower as it is primarily to ready thoughts for communication, often in language. However, intuitive thinking is subconscious, fast, and effective. Using that form we perform tasks without being aware of what has been done. Complex they may be, we have learned them in sufficient detail and with sufficient repetition that we do not need much cognitive effort to perform them. The crux of using our subconscious mind is to appreciate how different it is from our conscious mind. Even though the conscious mind and subconscious mind exist in the same body, they have vastly different characteristics. Conscious mind and subconscious mind cannot be separated. And, if they do not work together, the results can be harmful. Our conscious and subconscious thinking (rather than mind) work together. That is nature. Subconscious thinking is more efficient, but conscious thinking is more disciplined. The latter is a precursor to communicating some ideas. Our real thinking happens subconsciously so we are not aware of it happening. However we become aware of its consequences for they appear as conscious thinking.
Schematic thinking ( via repetitive process) is the antithesis of creativity! Humans are mechanical. We tend to learn things in a series of small steps. Each step is quite simple and the link between steps is not a smooth one. Gradually this evens itself out as we learn whatever it is we are learning. Those initial steps were as they were, because we use conscious thinking. We specialize in working out the way of doing things that involves the minimum (cognitive) effort. That involves setting up automatic sequences (schemas) that we can invoke to get repetitive tasks accomplished. It really doesn't matter how complex those tasks are, it matters only that they are performed regularly & repetitively. That repetitive, schematic kind of process is perhaps the antithesis of creativity because, by definition, we are not looking for alternative ways of doing things. Schematic thinking is the why creative solutions may be overlooked for years before someone views a problem or challenge in a different way - in other words, they have made the cognitive investment to look at something in a non-schematic way and come up with a creative solution.
"Automatic" and "creative" by their definitions, do not sit comfortably well with each other... when a human interactive task becomes automated, we have disconnected from our creative interaction with it. We have defaulted to mind and muscle memory. That is not to say that during this repetitive task that our subconscious capacity cannot or will not produce creative ideas for other related (or even disparate) tasks. Not at all - in fact the more mindless the task the higher probability of subconscious disruption. To be interactively creative within a task is to suppress any automation or disembodiment, to immerse with it.
The purposeful manipulation of the stages of 'preparation', 'incubation' and 'illumination' is a widespread protocol for creative output among professionals.The process of 'preloading' the subconscious capacity with a task (requiring a creative solution) and then deliberately distracting the conscious mind is quite common in creative industries. There seems little doubt that the corpus callosum which communicates between the two hemispheres of the brain is an important influence on creativity. It has also a miserably poor 'data rate', in other words the two hemispheres do not communicate easily. One of the things that quite dramatically improves the data transfer rate is doing a mindless task, which may go some way to explaining why 'Ah ha moments' come when you are, for instance, going for a walk. It is not clear whether the task has to be physical (like taking the walk) or whether it could be mental, such as the repetition of the mantra during meditation. Either way it is clear that creativity in general can be enhanced by performing a task, with the subject of the creative effort having nothing to do with the task.
Genuine creativity is the opposite of automation, however, understanding that our subconscious capacity to generate disparate creative associations is not exclusively associated with the conscious task at hand. The two phenomena are related, but not at the exclusion of all others.There exists a wealth of empirical and anecdotal evidence to support the understanding that one may be consciously engaged in one task, only to have the subconscious offer up into conscious thought, proposals and solutions to unrelated tasks.
Follow us at: @Pearl_Zhu
