Percy Shelley is most famous for enduring poetry, dying young, and a scandalous cemetery romance with the author of Frankenstein. (Their dates were regularly held at the gravestone of Mary's mother, while Percy was still married to his first wife.) But he also wrote two Gothic novels. The first was Zastrozzi, which he finished at the age of sixteen and found publication a few years later in 1810.
Even among Gothic scholars, Zastrozzi is generally considered a minor work. This is both fair and unfortunate. The prose is exquisite, the thrills plentiful. There's sex, torture, gore, mystery, murder, sublime landscapes and crumbling mansions. What more can you ask for?
As for faults, the novel comes across as parody much of the time, or Ann Radcliffe fanfiction. The beginning is a near-exact replica of The Romance of the Forest (1791), the middle recalls much of The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) and the end will remind all Radcliffe readers of The Italian (1797). Wonderful source material, of course, but compressing three Gothic masterworks into a slim 100-page novella is a predictably tall challenge.
On one hand, Zastrozzi never has a dull moment. On the other, it can often feel random. Characters appear as if on a breeze and disappear just as suddenly. Driving motivations are illogical and largely unexplained. Long-time Gothic readers will know the tropes by heart and can just go with it. But sometimes it's too much even for us.
A twist finale reveals Zastrozzi's peculiar psychology. Confronted by the Inquisition, he is given brave rhetoric and sense of heroism. This was the most scandalous aspect of the novel, since Zastrozzi is a proud atheist who laughs in the face of God's judgment. Critics were quick to bash the novel's blasphemous aspects. One noted, "Zastrozzi is one of the most savage and improbable demons that ever issued from a diseased brain."
In fact, Shelley likely gave these daring lines to Zastrozzi as a means of expressing his own distaste for religion. The following year, he published an essay titled "The Necessity of Atheism" and would face a lifetime of backlash, to the point of self-exile, because of it.
Another fascinating aspect of the novel is gender fluidity. Many modern readers detest Ann Radcliffe's female characters who often faint at the first sign of conflict. While Radcliffe's women were quite adventurous and daring for the era, seeing them faint so often has dampened her reputation as a pre-feminism trailblazer. In Zastrozzi, however, it's the men who faint repeatedly and must lean on a woman's bosom for support. There's also a female villain mastermind who was probably modeled after Victoria in Charlotte Dacre's 1806 novel Zofloya.
Much speculation has been made of Shelley's sexuality, though it is generally agreed he was bisexual. His presentation of gender in this novel certainly reflects a challenge to conformity. For scholars interested in the long history of queer influence on Gothic literature, Zastrozzi is not a text to miss.
From a pure enjoyability standpoint, Zastrozzi holds up quite well. The writing is extraordinarily tight. Every paragraph bursts with emotional turmoil or dramatic plot developments. Despite its slim number of pages, it contains as much story as significantly longer works. Astonishing to imagine someone writing these beautiful sentences at the age of sixteen, even if there's significant Radcliffe copying going on.
Probably not the first Gothic novel I'd recommend, but I vehemently disagree with anyone who argues that Shelley's teenage ode to the genre is insignificant.