This is the riveting tale of the rise and fall of Yahoo!. The title and cover art gives the impression that it's basically a biography of Marissa Mayer, but that wouldn't have been nearly as fascinating. This book is about the history of Yahoo! and Google, the rise of the internet era, and activist investing, as well as Marissa Mayer.
Yahoo! was never a very good company, just a very aggressive one during an era (late 90's) when everyone and their mother was discovering this thing called the "internet" but didn't know how to find anything useful on it. Unless you were using the internet 20 years ago, it's hard to picture what it was like before Google, Wikipedia, Amazon, and Facebook. Imagine discovering a new land that you know is filled with gold and riches, but you don't know where to look for it. Yahoo! was like a treasure map. Everyone used it. Then Yahoo! started building many of their own websites. You could check your stocks, check the weather, check your email, chat with your friends, pretty much everything you could do on the internet at the time, all without leaving Yahoo!. It got to the point where Yahoo! was the internet.
Then, in the 2000's, everything crashed. People got so excited about the internet that they poured billions of dollars into do-nothing .com businesses, and much of that money found its way to Yahoo! through partnerships and advertising. When the money (which had no right being there in the first place) went away, so did Yahoo!'s business model. The rest is a long, sordid history of one CEO after another fighting to save the company, and failing.
The reason this book emphasizes Marissa Mayer is because she was the only one, since the very first CEO in the 90's, who seemed to have a chance. She was young, beautiful, charismatic, famous, and intelligent. She was a product person and she understood the tech really well, unlike all the other Yahoo! CEOs. She was one of the first engineers at Google, and one of the most pivotal figures in their search business. It looked really promising, which is why her failures were so astonishing, especially since they happened so quickly. The question this book sets out to answer is, why? Another interesting question is, what happens when you put a really promising manager in charge of a company that had been rotting for years? These are important questions for anyone interested in business and management, and Yahoo! is a fascinating case study.
Even after Yahoo!'s business model went down the shitter, it still had a lot of market share, tons of cash, and was very cocky. During the 2000's the list of companies Yahoo! was inches away from acquiring reads like a who's who of today's most successful internet companies: Google, Facebook, Twitter, eBay. Yahoo! screwed every deal because they thought they could do better--they could build it better themselves, or they could get a better price for it. Sometimes it was only because one of the managers at Yahoo! was a jack ass. Particularly the Facebook deal. It was basically done, the price agreed upon. All that was left was signing the dotted line. But the Yahoo! CEO got greedy and tried to negotiate the price even more, and Zuckerberg walked away from it. This book is filled with stories like this.
I worked at Yahoo! as a software developer from 2000 to 2008, from the end of its hey day to the beginning of its long, slow transition to irrelevance. I was a big believer in the company. I loved how it made the web so accessible, and was proud to be part of that vision. But I was always frustrated by how they couldn't seem to get basic things right. Soon after I was hired I got excited about search, and yet no one else seemed to give a damn about it until long after Google had been eating our lunch. After Yahoo! did get into search, I was confused why no one seemed to care about the UI as a means of differentiating ourselves from Google. Management seemed to just rest on their laurels. I was frustrated with how little input the employees had in the business. I was flabbergasted that the company had very little central infrastructure, and each team I was on had to build everything from scratch. I was annoyed that I was always being asked to cut corners and settle on shoddy, untested, incomplete systems. And everyone I talked to didn't seem to think any of my complaints were an issue. By 2006, I knew the company--its management, employees, and technology--was rotten, and repairing the damage was a hopeless cause.
After I left in 2008, every frustration I had was slowly vindicated by each new CEO who tried to save the company. They expressed the same astonishments that I always had. Marissa Mayer seemed to be the only one that was actually trying to do something about it. Since everyone was using Yahoo! stock as a proxy for investing in Alibaba, she even had two years where the investors basically didn't care about what the management did to the core business. And yet, she still failed.
The reasons are many. She didn't have any experience running a business. She made rookie mistakes like hiring people into executive positions without vetting them, micromanaging, and pushing out unfinished products resulting in massive outages. She instituted a horrible employee performance review system that pitted employees against each other. She had personality quirks that caused a lot of problems. She ignored her employees, she was chronically late, she avoided eye contact. But the real problem, which I think is the take-away of this book, is that she was working with something that was never built to last, and spent all her time trying to repair years worth of damage left by prior CEOs.
This book's story ends in 2014, when Marissa Mayer's and Yahoo!'s future was still in question. It was a little anticlimactic, since now we know how the story ends. The company is being sold to Verizon, and then it was wracked with devastating security breaches, one after another. As a former employee, I no longer feel vindicated. I just feel sad.