“For the next several minutes, pandemonium prevailed. Rosina [Townshend] recalled going down to her own bedroom window to shout ‘Fire!’ into the street. The call was heard by a watchman stationed at a sentry post about sixty feet away, at the corner of Thomas and Chapel…He came running, joined quickly by a second watchman whose post was three short blocks away at Franklin and Chapel. In the meantime, Rosina and Maria Stevens braved the smoke to try to rescue Helen and her overnight guest. What they found sent them out of the room in horror. The bed was smoldering rather than blazing; Helen was dead, her nightclothes reduced to ashes and one side of her body charred a crusty brown. More shocking still, three bloody gashes marked her brow, and blood had pooled on the pillow beneath her body. Helen Jewett had been murdered, and her companion of the previous evening was nowhere in sight…”
- Patricia Cline Cohen, The Murder of Helen Jewett: The Life and Death of a Prostitute in Nineteenth-Century New York
All of us have had the experience of picking up a book expecting one thing, and then getting another thing entirely once we start reading. It’s a common occurrence, and not entirely surprising. After all, a book’s cover, title, subtitle, and description are marketing. The whole purpose is to draw us in, even if that requires a bit of clever copy and a certain amount of overpromising.
When this happens to me, my responses vary. I’ve come to expect a certain amount of puffery – which is a true legal term, by the way – and make allowances for that. Most of the time, if the content is good, I don’t really care what brought me there.
Sometimes, though, when I pick up a book for a very specific reason, I expect that specific reason to be the focus.
For example, if I choose a murder mystery, I’m doing so for two very particular reasons, reasons that cannot be compromised: (1) a murder; and (2) a mystery.
That brings us to Patricia Cline Cohen’s The Murder of Helen Jewett.
***
In 1836, a beautiful prostitute named Helen Jewett was killed in her sleep. The suspect came from a respectable family, and had been involved in an affair with Jewett, though he maintained his innocence. The crime turned into something very familiar in the twenty-first century: a tabloid-fueled carnival in which the inquiry into truth and justice took a distant second to the media’s relentless need to monetize the story.
This is what drew me here, and in the first couple chapters – describing the discovery of Helen’s body, the initial investigation, and the goggle-eyed response of New York City’s newspapers – that’s what I got.
That’s when Cohen takes a very large detour.
***
The Murder of Helen Jewett is not nearly as interested in Helen’s death as in her life. Cohen goes to incredible lengths to bring this forgotten woman back into the world, to remake her as something other than a victim, and to give us a big heap of nineteenth century trivia.
Leaving aside the identity of the killer, the true detective work Cohen does is unearthing Helen’s backstory. She follows Dorcas Doyen, aka Helen Jewett, as she is raised by her single father, sent to work as a servant for a wealthy Maine judge, and later travels to New York City where she becomes a somewhat-high-class prostitute.
The early life of persons far more famous than Helen/Dorcas have eluded historians, and Cohen deserves credit for the enormous amount of research that went into this. There are nearly seventy pages of annotated endnotes, some of the annotations fascinating in their own right. Whatever else I say, it cannot be said that Cohen phoned this in. Beyond that, her goals are laudable, rising above the salacious for a deeper meaning.
Nevertheless, not everything Cohen unearthed is strictly relevant.
***
The issue of “padding” or “filler” in a nonfiction work has become an ongoing philosophical debate that I am continuously having with myself. Sometimes I like the extra stuff, because it adds texture, context, and vibrancy. Sometimes I don’t like it, because it feels like sawdust in bread, used as a last resort to save an unsalvageable meal.
There is a lot of padding in The Murder of Helen Jewett. Some of it is admittedly quite interesting. There are asides about nineteenth century reading habits and “wicked” novels that were feared because they inflamed the passions. There is a factoid about the position of “hog reeve,” wherein New England towns would appoint a newly-married man to catch stray pigs and return them to their owners. There is a lot of time spent on the press, and we learn that the media then is the same as it is now: hell-bent on stirring the pot for profit.
Other digressions are not as stimulating. There is, for instance, an extended section on the tax assessments of certain brothels. All I really took from this is the realization that not even a brothel can make taxation exciting. Meanwhile, Cohen is quite reticent about the everyday details of living as a New York City prostitute, such as birth control, sexually-transmitted diseases, and price structures.
***
I’m an avowed big-book fan, and to me, four-hundred pages of text is not a length I’d generally find excessive. Here, though, the long biographical portions, combined with the generous filler, gums the mechanics of what should have been a much-crisper true crime story. This is one of those instances where I wanted a precise thing, but had a hard time finding it within the book.
Beyond that, despite Cohen’s strong effort, and her always-readable prose, there is only so much she can do to bring this distant case back to life. Unable to interview participants herself, and relying on whatever documents still exist, we get an incomplete picture. Having finished this, I know that Helen’s brothel was assessed at $6,000, but I have very little idea of what Helen herself was like before her death transformed her into a national morality tale.