"I might not necessarily be a communist, but I have been in the red all my life", thus begins Joe Klein's fourth chapter of a remarkable biography of a remarkable personality, Woodrow Wilson Guthrie (Woody Guthrie), father of the modern folk music in America. Known to have inspired the likes of Pete Seeger, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez and even Bruce Springsteen among others, Woody Guthrie (WG, hereafter) was known for smash hits like "This Land is Your Land" and "Oklahoma Hills". The former was considered to be the Marxist Response to Irving Berlin's "God Bless America", and has become a patriotic anthem in kind, and was also favored by the fluctuating coterie of folklorists to have potentially become the National Anthem of the US of A instead of the "Star Spangled Banner".
Diagnosed with the rare Huntington's Chorea (Huntington's Disease), which WG inherited from his mother, the legendary anti-fascist and anti-materialist singer, songwriter, poet, author of the fictitiously-interrupted autobiography "Bound for Glory", WG passed on to the other side at the age of 55, leaving behind a legacy that breathes through the American country music even to this day. A prodigious painter (cartoonist), and a prolific writer, his was a life on the move, living and surviving in conditions of abject poverty, crashing in with his friends from the Almanac Singers, abandoned pick-up trucks, and hospitals, interspersed with short stints in decent living conditions while married to his second and third wives. That his status was legendary unmatched and unparalleled could be easily decipherable from Alan Lomax's quote about him, that WG was the best discovery made by Lomax, who is himself credited as the man who recorded the world.
Woody was born in Okemah, Oklahoma in 1912 to Charles and Nora. Charles Guthrie was into real estate business, where he was more unsuccessful than not, and was an active democratic politician in the county. He was alleged to be involved with 39 others in the infamous lynching of African-American mother-son duo Laura and LD Nelson,a year before Woody was born. Woody wrote songs about the incident and also alleged that Charles showed increasing affiliation with the KKK in 1915. While poor with his school grades, Woody was a voracious reader and would often sneak into libraries reading texts on psychology. His interest in music was ignited by his childhood friend, George, an African-American boy who shone shoes for a living, and was adept at playing the harmonica. This is where WG's musical talent was piqued. Even as the family undertook some bizarre outings into the Chisos mountains across the border in Mexico in search of silver mines that WG's ancestor had marked as his property, WG was moved by the hardships of labor he witnessed along the way, compelling him to lyricize it through his 'miner's song'. A chapter on this adventure was struck off editorially from his autobiography.
In his early years, fire-related accidents made their first mark, when he lost his sister Clara to severe burns, caused by a tiff between his mother and sister. Such a cause of tragedy was to repeat itself on three more occasions, when his 4-year old daughter Cathy, from his second wife Marjorie succumbed to burns in a freak accident. His father, Charles too was a victim of burns, but survived. Last, but not the least, he himself suffered severe burns on his right hand rendering its use to nought. These episodes exacerbated his personality resulting in frequent feuds with Marjorie and Annette, his third wife, both of whom ultimately separated from him, with Marjorie tending and nursing him till the evening before the morning WG died.
During the Second World War, he was enlisted into the marine merchant navy and undertook three visits across the Atlantic. Post the war, he joined the army as a teletypist, and was discharged, whereafter he married Marjorie, who was a sexual conservative to begin. That she ceased to be one later is seen by scores upon scores of erotic letters that WG penned for her, which further helped stamp his reputation of someone with an enormously insatiable sexual prowess. WG had eight children from his three wives.
While, he steadfastly denied himself as a communist, his songs bordered on socialism, anti-fascism, political activism, labour unions, and the plight of working-class people. Trained in the classical genre of harmonica and acoustic guitar, he wasn't pleased when Bob Dylan went electric in the Newport Festival. For Woody, singing and songwriting was, he said in 1941,
"I hate a song that makes you think that you are just born to lose. Bound to lose…I am out to fight those kinds of songs to my very last breath of air and my last drop of blood. I am out to sing songs that will prove to you that this is your world and that if it has hit you pretty hard and knocked you for a dozen loops, no matter how hard it’s run you down nor rolled over you, no matter what color, what size you are, how you are built, I am out to sing the songs that make you take pride in your self and in your work."
Criss-crossing the country in the company of Alan Lomax, Pete Seeger, Leadbelly, the conservative turn in the American politics, which then graduated in the negative sense towards reactionism saw the folklorists under increasing scrutiny forcing many of them underground, but WG wouldn't budge. He shifted towards writing copiously and finished a 900-pager "Seeds of Man", which was refused to be published in the original form due to the length of the text and use of expletives, considered unsuitable for the American audiences!!! Later, he did revisit the draft, shortened it considerably, which saw the light of the day posthumously. His contributions to children's stories through songs are still a literature to reckon with.
With the third marriage on the tenterhooks, his alcoholism and smoking increased significantly. Not known to talk a lot, his social behavior nevertheless took a turn down while the Huntington's caught up. Not known to have a cure even today, the disease slowly ate into him, making his final days a sorry portrait of the legendary status that he had acquired by then. He had expressed a strong desire to be cremated, and the final rites were a low-key affair, and his ashes were handed over to Marjorie in a can, who couldn't open it to let the ashes to the wind, but instead decided to immerse the can as a whole in the sea, where after a while it sunk.
His "Bound for Glory" was made into a film in 1976, and towards the end of the last century, the English musician, Billy Bragg, who has also written the foreword to Joe Klein's biographical sketch released the critically acclaimed "Mermaid Avenue", by setting to music Woody's voluminous corpus of unrecorded lyrics in two volumes.
Joe Klein's biography is a remarkably well researched work of WG, about whom, a complete life sketch is probably not written earlier. The 550+ pages are a view into the social history of the times, where one of the main protagonist was the inimitable Woody Guthrie, who lives on and resonates along...A definitive read.