I was in the mood for reading one of the Japanese classics, and so picked up this book, 'Diaries of Court Ladies of Old Japan'. It has the diaries of three women from the Heian era, Lady Sarashina, who is not very well known outside of this work, the legendary Murasaki Shikibu who wrote what is regarded as the world's first novel, 'The Tale of Genji', and Izumi Shikibu, one of the greatest Japanese poets. All these diaries were written at around 1000 CE (or AD, if you prefer that), and so they are more than 1000 years old.
There is good news and bad news. The good news first.
The introduction to the book by Amy Lowell is incredibly beautiful. It describes the historical backdrop to that era, tells us more about these three writers, and is a beautiful love letter to these three incredible women. It gives me goosebumps everytime I think about how the Heian era produced many great women writers and poets, all a 1000 years back! So amazing!
The footnotes in the book are wonderful, and they help us to learn about that era, in detail. I learnt a lot through the footnotes.
Lady Sarashina moves from a distant province to the capital Kyoto, and she describes that journey. That is how her diary starts. We learn a lot about Japanese geography and towns and villages and rivers of that time, and about many legends that people believed in. The diary covers a period of around 50 years, and so sometimes it just zips through a lot of years.
Murasaki Shikibu's diary starts after her husband passes away and while she is grieving, she is called to the court to serve the queen. The queen is going to have a baby, and Lady Murasaki describes the events surrounding that in detail and all the rituals and ceremonies that are a part of it. She also gives short portraits of some of the ladies in the court, which were very interesting. More about this in a little bit.
Izumi Shikibu's diary is about the affair she has with a prince. It is written in the third person. It has a lot of poems that the two write to each other. Towards the end, the prince asks her to move into the palace, and when she does, the prince's wife, the princess, gets offended and leaves the palace in a huff to go on a long trip.
Amy Lowell says something very interesting in her introduction, about Izumi Shikibu's diary. This is what she says –
"Izumi Shikibu is as unlike Murasaki Shikibu as could well happen. As different as the most celebrated poet of her time is likely to be from the most celebrated novelist, for Izumi Shikibu is the greatest woman poet which Japan has had...Passionate, provocative, enchanting, it is evident that Izumi Shikibu could never have been the discriminating observer, the critic of manners, which Murasaki Shikibu became. Life was powerless to mellow so vivid a personality; but neither could it subdue it. She gives us no suggestion of resignation. She lived intensely, as her Diary shows; she always had done so, and doubtless she always did. We see her as untamable, a genius compelled to follow her inclinations. Difficult to deal with, maybe, like strong wine, but wonderfully stimulating...the Diary seems to have been written solely to appease her mind, and to record the poems which passed between them and which Izumi Shikibu evidently regarded as the very essence of their souls."
This is what Amy Lowell says about Izumi Shikibu's poems –
"it is beyond the power of any translation to preserve the full effect of the original, but even in translation, Izumi Shikibu's poems are singularly beautiful and appealing. In her own country, they are considered never to have been excelled in freshness and freedom of expression."
I can vouch for this. I've read Izumi Shikibu's poems and they are incredibly beautiful.
Now, a little bit about Murasaki Shikibu's diary. The portraits she gives of contemporaries were very interesting. Of particular interest to me were her portraits of two other great literary women of that era, Sei Shōnagon and Izumi Shikibu. I've heard that there was something going on between Lady Murasaki and Sei Shōnagon and one of the reasons was probably that they were serving different queens. To this day, lovers of Heian literature have been keeping this rivalry alive, and are split into two camps, the Murasaki Shikibu camp and the Sei Shōnagon camp. I'm proud to say that I'm part of the Sei Shōnagon camp 😄🙈 Well, this is what Lady Murasaki has to say about Sei Shōnagon –
"Lady Sei Shōnagon. A very proud person. She values herself highly, and scatters her Chinese writings all about. Yet should we study her closely, we should find that she is still imperfect. She tries to be exceptional, but naturally persons of that sort give offence. She is piling up trouble for her future. One who is too richly gifted, who indulges too much in emotion, even when she ought to be reserved, and cannot turn aside from anything she is interested in, in spite of herself will lose self-control. How can such a vain and reckless person end her days happily!"
Why Murasaki-San, Why? 😭 Sei Shōnagon is one of my all-time favourites, and if you read her book 'The Pillow Book', you'll fall in love with her too, and so it is very heartbreaking and disappointing to see Murasaki-San taking potshots at my favourite Shōnagon-San.
It doesn't stop here though. Murasaki-San then turns her attention to Izumi Shikibu, and decides to take potshots at her. Here is what she says –
"Lady Izumi Shikibu corresponds charmingly, but her behaviour is improper indeed. She writes with grace and ease and with a flashing wit. There is fragrance even in her smallest words. Her poems are attractive, but they are only improvisations which drop from her mouth spontaneously. Every one of them has some interesting point, and she is acquainted with ancient literature also, but she is not like a true artist who is filled with the genuine spirit of poetry. Yet I think even she cannot presume to pass judgment on the poems of others."
Why Murasaki-San, why? 😭 Izumi Shikibu is Japan's greatest female poet according to Amy Lowell, and this is what she gets for being that.
I admire these three ladies for what they've accomplished, but I've a special affection for Sei Shōnagon. She is the best. So it is very heartbreaking to see one great taking potshots against two of my favourites. This happens today all the time – writers and poets and literary figures take potshots against each other, mocking each other through articles, essays, interviews in the media, and in social media. But I thought that during ancient times, writers were more respectful and supportive of each other. But it looks like I was wrong and this throwing darts at each other has been happening for a long time. It is as old as time. It is sad.
If this is all good news, what is the bad news, then? The diaries were all interesting in parts, but overall I had mixed feelings about them. Their detailed description of everyday things of that era was good, but somehow the diaries didn't seem to rise above everyday narration. Somehow, something was missing. Maybe the ladies wrote for their own personal pleasure, and not for sharing with outsiders. They'd probably be shocked if they discovered that readers from other continents are reading their intimate thoughts 1000 years later.
And here I've to say that Sei Shōnagon's 'The Pillow Book' is also like a diary, and it is exquisite and it is a beautiful work of art. It is vastly superior to these three diaries and it is incredibly beautiful. So if you want to immerse yourself into that period, these three diaries are nice, but if you want to experience real literary beauty, you need to read Sei Shōnagon's work.
Have you read these diaries or Sei Shōnagon's 'The Pillow Book'? What do you think about them?