Mackall writes about the Amish --and a extremely right-wing sub-sect (Swartzentruber), at that-- not as an anthropolgist or curiousity seeker, but as a next-door neighbor. As he writes, he examines some of the ways that many of us in America romanticize the Amish and (Devil's Playground) sensationalize them by taking outliers and telling their stories as if they were typical. Another book I read recently, about American Jewish views of the ultra-Orthodox, also discussed the romanticization of the odd cultural and religiously restricted life. That author reflected briefly on the conflicts American Jews feel about their relationship to and practice of Judaism; Mackall notes (p. xviii) "They reveal more about what outsiders need to see in the Amish than about who the Amish really are."
Throughout the book Mackall feels, and helps the reader to feel, a conflict: the simple beauty of Amish living --a life centered on the land, on hard work, on community, and on faith that functions less like a belief and more like a recognition of the facts of reality-- on the one hand, and on the other, the fear for the Amish children, who have fewer and lower quality (in his eyes) options than his daughters, less access to education and the choice that comes with it, even for their lives as they have less access to medical care (he writes of his neighbor's daughter's cut stitched up by a veterinarian down the road) and the simple danger that comes with driving unlit black buggies on the roads at night. (This sect rejects the safety lighting that many of the more mainstream Amish permit.) He is explicit in pointing out that the Amish permitting education only until 8th grade prevents them not only from developing feelings of pride (in the negative sense), but also "children who do think of leaving the fold will have to face the propsect of employment in twenty-first century American armed with only a grade-school education." (p. 179) Jonas, who received As and Bs throughout his eight years of Amish school, reads only on a second-grade level.
Over the course of the book, Mackall tracks his contact with Jonas, his neighbor's nephew, who is attempting to leave the sect. In a story similar in many ways to OTD (off-the-derech) Hasidic/Hareidi narratives, he struggles with finding employment, with his education level, and with his father's refusal to help him obtain the documentation required to prove his citizenship (he was born in Canada to American parents, but can't prove his parents' status because they won't give him the documents, and he can't get them from the government unless his parents are dead) -- without which he, of course, cannot work. While people looking to leave ultra-Orthodox sects have some ability to sneak off and live double-lives, Amish looking to leave feel intensely that they will get caught and their families will suffer for their behavior. Still, an ex-Amish support group founder believes that most Amish live double lives. "Jonas' suspicions...are not merely a product of paranoia. The Amish do keep an eye on each other...[because of a] dire responsibility to keep members in the church." (p. 140) Jonas, luckily, is male. "The girls and young woman always seem to get the worst of it...When an eighteen-year-old guy leaves the Amish, he'll often crash with other guys...If a girl [does that] she is putting herself in a vulnerable position. She's lived her life with the knowledge that she's a second-class citizen. Among the Swartzentruber Amish, the Ordnung [church rules, updated and ratified yearly] doesn't appear to neglect a thing when it comes to women. Women are not permitted to wear bras or use tampons; they usually use a torn piece of a bedsheet for their menstrual needs." (p. 173) He describes his neighbor's wife's nonstop house-drudgery, but at the same time, "I have walked past the Shetler home numerous times...Her whistle, her smile, her easy laughter, and her love of her family all tell me she is happy, that she loves her life." (p. 174) Still, boys who want to leave the fold at least have manual-labor (carpentry, often) and some handicrafting skills, which can be lucrative. Girls can do nothing but what they've been trained for: housekeeping and childrearing. Still, "Amish girls...do not seem plagued by the messages about body image that have led to so many cases of eating disorders among their English counterparts. Without television, movies, and popular magazines" their model of female beauty is set within the group.
Throughout, there are little vignettes that point out things about the Amish life: "He's had false teeth since his early thirties. The Amish I know use toothpastes with fluoride, so their teeth should be as healthy as anyone else's, but getting false teeth is often a financial decision. Rather than pay to see a dentist for each toothache...they pay once to have their teeth removed and dentures put in." The family doesn't identify their dentist, for fear of getting him in trouble. "As far as I can tell, the 'dentist' is an Amish man with a hidden and marketable vocation, or an English [non-Amish] chiropractor who does dental work, illegally, on the side." (p. 112)
All-in-all, an excellent book, balanced and nuanced and clearly examining the author's sense of conflict about what he sees in his neighbor's society. It was hard for me to read it without comparing and contrasting with the religiously segregated group I'm familiar with, right-wing Orthodox Jews, in terms of education, women's matters, how leaving the fold is handled, and in terms of the general sense of happiness with their lot that each group projects.