When Leslie Jamison was nine and her father was forty-nine, she asked him why people drank. He told her that drinking was dangerous. Not for everyone, he said, “but it was dangerous for us.” Two close relatives were alcoholics—his father and his sister, Phyllis— and, as Jamison later points out, genetics do contribute to alcoholism. Her father was right to warn her. It’s too bad she didn’t heed his words.
As a child, Jamison was shy, self-conscious, and perpetually worried about saying the wrong thing. Her parents divorced when she was eleven, but their life together had not been particularly dysfunctional. Jamison was aware that their love for her was based on her meeting certain conditions. Being intelligent, for example. Later, as a young woman, she had an inordinately difficult time adjusting to life at Harvard. Lonely, distressed, and often tearful, she made frequent phone calls home and eventually developed an eating disorder. Her father’s response to her anorexia was to provide her with academic papers on the subject.
Jamison had her first drink of alcohol at a family function when she was thirteen. Her first blackout occurred at Harvard. But the real problems began when, at the age of 21, she attended the famous Iowa Writers’ Workshop for her MFA, where the myths about drinking “ran like subterranean rivers beneath the drinking we were doing.” The list of famous alcoholic writers who’d lived, taught, and had storied misadventures in the city included Raymond Carver, John Cheever, Dennis Johnson, and Richard Yates.
Jamison got more than a master’s degree in Iowa, and she imbibed more than liquor. She succumbed to a mythology fetishizing the relationship between “drunken dysfunction” and genius—supposedly embodied in legendary writer-addicts. While attending school in Iowa, Jamison began to drink daily. The drinking escalated after the second poet boyfriend she met there left her. Demanding intensity from everything, she regularly engaged in drunken sex with many men as a way of “purging”, “siphoning off” excess feeling, and “putting it somewhere else.”
Jamison travelled to many locations over the next few years: California, Nicaragua, New Haven, and Bolivia. She had a second stay in both Iowa and New Haven and lived with two different men. Her most significant relationship was consistently the one she had with the bottle. She provides exhaustive, repetitive details about her alcohol abuse, ensuring that readers suffer along with her. I don’t know if this was intended or not. Jamison eventually turned to AA, where the rituals, fellowship, and stories of others began to challenge her intense self-absorption, the alcoholic constriction of her life, and her sense that her suffering made her exceptional.
Overall, this book is a very mixed bag. Literary critique and memoir are the main components, but cultural, sociological, historical, and political analysis are also included. There are interviews, thumbnail sketches of a few former alcoholics and addicts, reports on two facilities (one a prison for addicts; the other, a volunteer-run, now-defunct rehab centre), and, finally, an examination of AA—its founders, meetings, tenets and cliches.
At one point, Jamison mentions that this book is her doctoral dissertation. There is no discussion about how—or indeed if—the original manuscript was revised and modified for wider readership. While the rambling, graphic, and sometimes sordid memoir sections certainly don’t seem like the stuff of a conventional dissertation, the parts devoted to tedious critical analysis of the literature of addiction certainly do. I admit to being confused about two things: (1) how the book in its current form could have passed muster as an academic paper, and (2) the intended audience for the thing. I am uncertain about the interest or value of the literary material to a more general readership. I found Jamison’s literary “close analysis” an absolute chore to read. A sort of sinking feeling would come over me every time I saw Jean Rhys’s, John Berryman’s, or Charles Jackson’s name ahead. This isn’t only because I had read none of the novels, poems, and short stories Jamison considered in her doctoral research, but also because I can’t ever imagine wanting to.
For me, the most valuable chapter of Jamison’s book is the one entitled “Blame”, in which the author confronts the cognitive dissonance in America’s perception of the addict as both victim and criminal. She cites a number of experts in her examination of the ways in which racism fuelled what was first Richard Nixon’s (1971) and later Ronald Reagan’s (1982) War on Drugs. It is an illuminating discussion, and the endnotes are also worthwhile. Jamison considers the arbitrary assignment of some drugs to the legal, socially acceptable category and others to the illicit pile. Readers may be interested to learn, as I was, that the illicit drugs aren’t always the most problematic. After heroin and cocaine, tobacco (nicotine) is the most addictive. It is followed (in order of greatest likelihood to produce dependency) by barbiturates, alcohol, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, cannabis, and ecstasy.
Early in
The Recovering
, the author proposes that she is going to write a different kind of memoir, focusing not on herself as a special or “interesting” person, but on the individual as a member of a larger community in which all share a common story. Does she succeed in this project of writing a new kind of “symphonic” memoir? To some extent. Many voices are certainly heard, but they are not skillfully or harmoniously woven together. The book feels disjointed.
Did I “enjoy”
The Recovering
? (Can readers actually enjoy a confessional work that documents extreme chemical dependency?) No. I wish I could have felt moved by the material or that I had gained insight into the psychological and other factors that predispose a person to use substances repeatedly and uncontrollably. I really did grow weary of the endless drinking scenes, including those depicting sexual encounters. I wasn’t too keen on the profanity either.
My main complaint is that the book is too bloody long. Half the length might’ve made it tolerable. There is some fine material here, but it is lost in the occasionally maudlin excess: too many sentences embroidered with figurative language, too many descriptions of meals, too many similar drinking scenes and drunken arguments. I wish an editor had been honest with Jamison, told her to cut the text down to a reasonable size. A leaner book would have been a more powerful one.
I know I will NEVER read Jamison again. One encounter with her was more than enough.