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Shostakovich: A Life

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For this authoritative post-cold-war biography of Shostakovich's illustrious but turbulent career under Soviet rule, Laurel E. Fay has gone back to primary Shostakovich's many letters, concert programs and reviews, newspaper articles, and diaries of his contemporaries. An indefatigable worker, he wrote his arresting music despite deprivations during the Nazi invasion and constant surveillance under Stalin's regime.
Shostakovich's life is a fascinating example of the paradoxes of living as an artist under totalitarian rule. In August 1942, his Seventh Symphony, written as a protest against fascism, was performed in Nazi-besieged Leningrad by the city's surviving musicians, and was triumphantly broadcast to the German troops, who had been bombarded beforehand to silence them. Alone among his artistic peers, he survived successive Stalinist cultural purges and won the Stalin Prize five times, yet in 1948 he was dismissed from his conservatory teaching positions, and many of his works were banned from performance. He prudently censored himself, in one case putting aside a work based on Jewish folk poems. Under later regimes he balanced a career as a model Soviet, holding government positions and acting as an international ambassador with his unflagging artistic ambitions.
In the years since his death in 1975, many have embraced a view of Shostakovich as a lifelong dissident who encoded anti-Communist messages in his music. This lucid and fascinating biography demonstrates that the reality was much more complex. Laurel Fay's book includes a detailed list of works, a glossary of names, and an extensive bibliography, making it an indispensable resource for future studies of Shostakovich.

488 pages, Paperback

First published March 1, 1995

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About the author

Laurel E. Fay

3 books7 followers
Laurel E. Fay is a widely published writer on Russian and Soviet music, who has been traveling to and studying in Russia since 1971. She lives in Staten Island, New York.

She received her Ph.D. in musicology from Cornell University. A specialist in Russian and Soviet music, she has taught at the Ohio State University, Wellesley College and New York University and for the past eighteen years she has served as Consultant on Russian Music to the music publisher G. Schirmer, Inc. Her articles have appeared in the New York Times, Musical America and Opera News as well as in many scholarly publications, and she was a contributing editor of The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. The author of Shostakovich: A Life (2000) and editor of Shostakovich and His World (2004), Fay has received an ASCAP Deems Taylor Award and the Otto Kinkeldey Award of the American Musicological Society in recognition of her contributions to Shostakovich scholarship.

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October 16, 2017
Η ζωή και το έργο ενός σπουδαίου συνθέτη που συνιστούν, ως ένα βαθμό, ένα αίνιγμα. Αυτό ακριβώς το αίνιγμα κατάφερε να αποκρυπτογραφήσει μέσα από συγκεκριμένο βιβλίο της, η Laurel E. Fay.

Γεννημένος στα 1906 ο Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich, μια μουσική ιδιοφυΐα, προσπάθησε να συγκεράσει στο έργο και τη ζωή του τις αντιθέσεις εκείνες που τελικά έγιναν το σημείο αναφοράς του, ο πυρήνας της δημιουργικής του πορείας. Η βιογραφία της Laurel E. Fay μέσα από την ψύχραιμη και εμπεριστατωμένη προσέγγιση του υλικού της, επιτυγχάνει να συγκροτήσει ένα διαυγές πορτραίτο του συνθέτη και ακολουθώντας χρονολογικά την πορεία της δημιουργίας των έργων του, αποτελεί έναν εύχρηστο οδηγό για όσους ενδιαφέρονται να κατανοήσουν τη μουσική του σταδιοδρομία.

Με σύντομες εισαγωγές που περιλαμβάνουν τις βασικές μαρτυρίες και τα ιστορικά γεγονότα πίσω από κάθε σύνθεση και εξίσου περιεκτικές αναλύσεις του κάθε έργου, πιστεύω πως το βιβλίο της κατάφερε να δώσει ένα ακριβές στίγμα διατηρώντας έναν ανάλαφρο χαρακτήρα, εμπλουτισμένο με συχνές αναφορές στο χιούμορ του συνθέτη, καθιστώντας το, ιστορικά ακριβές και συνάμα ευκολοδιάβαστο.

Μεγάλωσε στην Πετρούπολη, και ιδιαίτερα μετά τον θάνατο του πατέρα του, η οικογένειά του, αντιμετώπισε σοβαρές οικονομικές δυσκολίες, ωστόσο αυτό δεν τον εμπόδισε να συνθέσει την πρώτη του συμφωνία σε ηλικία 19 ετών στα 1926. Τότε ήταν ακόμα αισιόδοξος και γεμάτος όνειρα. Από πολύ νωρίς, αισθάνθηκε την ανάγκη να γράψει κάτι διαφορετικό, ξεφεύγοντας από την παραδεδομένη κλασική μουσική φόρμα, κάτι που αποτέλεσε το κλειδί για την επιτυχία του αλλά συνάμα και την αιτία της μεγάλης δυσμένειας από το σταλινικό καθεστώς.

Όπως και να έχει, ζούσε τη μουσική του με τέτοια ένταση και πάθος, ώστε οι εξωτερικές συνθήκες δεν μπορούσαν να αποτελέσουν γι' αυτόν εμπόδιο. Έφερε τη μουσική εντός του, υπάρχει μάλιστα μια αναφορά για το πώς συνέθεσε την τρίτη πράξη της όπερας "Η μύτη", βασισμένης στο ομώνυμο έργο του Γκόγκολ, την οποία άκουσε στο όνειρό του κι έπειτα ξυπνώντας την κατέγραψε από μνήμης.

" Για τον Σοστακόβιτς η σύνθεση δεν ήταν κάτι που τυπικά προέκυπτε ως αποτέλεσμα μιας συνειδητής πάλης ή επιμελούς εφαρμογής. Συνήθως κατάφερνε να συλλάβει ένα έργο στην ολότητά του και παρήγαγε την μουσική του ταχύτατα, ακολουθώντας την έμπνευσή του, χωρίς λεπτομερή προσχέδια και διορθώσεις. Οι συγκαιρινοί του θαύμαζαν την ολοκληρωτική του αυτοσυγκέντρωση, την ικανότητα να αποκλείει τους πάντες και τα πάντα τριγύρω του, την πειθαρχία και την ταχύτητά του. Πάντα απορούσα με το γεγονός ότι δεν χρειαζόταν να δοκιμάζει τα ακούσματα στο πιάνο. Απλά καθόταν και κατέγραφε οτιδήποτε άκουγε μέσα στο κεφάλι του κι έπειτα το έπαιζε απευθείας ολοκληρωμένο στο πιάνο... Ποτέ δεν απαιτούσε να γίνει ησυχία και δεν είχε ανάγκη από σιωπή προκειμένου να συνθέσει".

Ήθελε να κάνει τη διαφορά, δημιουργώντας πρωτότυπα ακούσματα, δεν ηθελε να παγιδευτεί ανάμεσα στο δίπολο της παράδοσης και την κατηγορηματικής απόρριψης αυτής γιατί όπως αναφέρει:

"Ορισμένως, η επιδίωξη μια απλής μουσικής γλώσσας γίνεται κατανοητή με τρόπο επιφανειακό. Συχνά η "απλότητα" καταντά να γίνεται επιγονισμός (σσ: στείρα μίμηση του παρελθόντος). Αλλά το να μιλάει κάποιος με απλότητα δεν σημαίνει πως είναι υποχρεωμένος να μιλάει με τον τρόπο που μιλούσαν οι άνθρωποι πενήντα ή εκατό χρόνια πριν. Αυτή είναι μια παγίδα μέσα στην οποία πέφτουν πολλοί συνθέτες, γιατί φοβούνται μήπως κατηγορηθούν για φορμαλισμό. Αλλά τόσο ο φορμαλισμός όσο και ο επιγονισμός είναι εξίσου εχθροί της σοβιετικής κουλτούρας".

Φορμαλισμός θεωρούνταν επισήμως στην Σοβιετική Ένωση οτιδήποτε το ελιτίστικο και προορισμένο για τους λίγους και τους γνώστες. Ανεπίσημα κατέληξε αργότερα να είναι οτιδήποτε δεν ικανοποιούσε τα μουσικά γούστα του Στάλιν, ο οποίος δεν διέθετε και καμία ιδιαίτερη μουσική παιδεία. Ο ίδιος ο συνθέτης είναι αλήθεια πως άργησε να κατανοήσει την πολιτική διάσταση που κατέληξε να καθορίζει ακόμα και την παραμικρή λεπτομέρεια της καθημερινότητας ενός σοβιετικού πολίτη. Όταν τον Δεκέμβρη του 1926 υποχρεώθηκε να δώσει το μάθημα της "Μαρξιστικής Μεθοδολογίας" η αντίδρασή του απέναντι στην υπερβολή της μαρξιστικής υπερανάλυσης και της γελοίας προσπάθειας να λειτουργήσει ως κανόνας επάνω σε κάθε έκφανση του ιστορικού γίγνεσθαι είναι χαρακτηριστική:

"Η εξέταση γινόταν προφορικά ανά ομάδες πέντε φοιτητών ενώπιον μιας επιτροπής. Όταν ένας από τους φοιτητές ρωτήθηκε να εξηγήσει την διαφορά, από κοινωνιολογικής και οικονομικής σκοπιάς, ανάμεσα στα έργα του Λιστ και του Σοπέν, η απάντησή του προκάλεσε μια έκρηξη νευρικού γέλιου στον Σοστακόβιτς και σε έναν συμφοιτητή του".

Αυτή η αντίδρασή του παραλίγο να του κοστίσει το απολυτήριό του.

Ωστόσο αυτή ήταν η φυσική και ειλικρινής αντίληψη του συνθέτη για το γέλιο και το γελοίο. Η σάτιρα, η ειρωνεία, το χιούμορ ως ανθρώπινες αντιδράσεις δεν ήταν ποτέ χαμηλά στις προτεραιότητές του:

"Αλλά τί μπορεί να θεωρηθεί ως ανθρώπινο συναίσθημα; Σίγουρα όχι μόνο ο λυρισμός, η λύπη, η τραγωδία; Δεν ανήκει λοιπόν και το γέλιο σε αυτήν την υψηλή κατηγορία; Θέλω να παλέψω για το νόμιμο δικαίωμα του γέλιου μέσα στην "σοβαρή" μουσική. Όταν ένας ακροατής γελάει δυνατά κατά τη διάρκεια ενός συμφωνικού κοντσέρτου μου, αυτό δεν με ενοχλεί στο ελάχιστο, τουναντίον με ευχαριστεί".

Ωστόσο ο πατερναλισμός του πολιτικού καθεστώτος δεν μπορούσε να ανεχθεί ούτε την καλλιτεχνική πρωτοπορία, ούτε την σκωπτική διάθεση που θα είχε ως αναπόφευκτο αποτέλεσμα την πολιτική και κοινωνική κριτική:

"Στις 28 Ιανουαρίου 1936, η Σοβιετική καλλιτεχνική κοινότητα έμεινε εμβρόντητη από τη δημοσίευση ενός ανυπόγραφου άρθρου με τίτλο "'Σύγχυση αντί για Μουσική" στην εφημερίδα Πράβντα (την επίσημη εφημερίδα της Κεντρικής Επιτροπής του Κομμουνιστικού Κόμματος). Εκεί αναφέρει:

Αρκετά θέατρα παρουσίασαν στο πολιτιστικά ωριμάζον σοβιετικό κοινό την όπερα του Σοστακόβιτς με τίτλο "Η λαίδη Μάκβεθ του Μτσένσκ" ως μια καινοτομία και ως ένα κατόρθωμα. Εγκωμιαστικές κριτικές εκθειάζουν την όπερα. Αντί για επικοδομητικές και σοβαρές κριτικές, που θα μπορούσαν να συνδράμουν στο μελλοντικό έργο του, ο νεαρός συνθέτης ακούει μονάχα ενθουσιώδη κομπλιμέντα.

Από το ξεκίνημά της η όπερα προξενεί έκπληξη στον ακροατή με την εσκεμμένη κακοφωνία της, τους αποδιοργανωμένους μουσικούς της ήχους. Κάποιες ελάχιστες μελωδίες χάνονται μέσα στο χάος και τις κραυγές. Είναι δύσκολο να ακολουθήσει κάποιος αυτήν την μουσική και εντελώς ακατόρθωτο να παραμείνει στην μνήμη του... Ωστόσο οι κριτικοί μας ορκίζονται κατά τα άλλα στο όνομα του Σοσιαλιστικού Ρεαλισμού ενώ στο έργο του Σοστακόβιτς επιδεικνύεται ο χυδαιότερος νατουραλισμός
".

Σταδιακά καθώς τα χρόνια προχωρούν ο συνεχής παρεμβατισμός στην καλλιτεχνική του δημιουργία θα αποτελέσει το μεγάλο αγκάθι στην εξέλιξη του συνθέτη. Ο ίδιος, παρά τις όποιες δυσμένειες θα καταφέρει να διατηρήσει μια καλή θέση, προνομιούχα από πολλές απόψεις, μέσα στο καλλιτεχνικό περιβάλλον της πατρίδας του. Το τίμημα είναι ο αυτοπεριοσμός του, που θα εξάγει στο τέλος μια ιδιότυπη προσωπικότητα που επισήμως ακολουθεί πιστά τις προσταγές του καθεστώτος και υπογείως αξιοποιεί κάθε διαθέσιμο μέσο για το υπονομεύσει, ένα είδος διαμαρτυρίας που καταλήγει σε μια ηττοπαθή παραίτηση:

"Σε μια επιστολή του προς τον φίλο του τον Glikman, στα 1968 γράφει: Αύριο γίνομαι 62 ετών. Οι άνθρωποι σε αυτήν την ηλικία συνήθως προτιμούν να απαντούν φιλάρεσκα στην εξής ερώτηση: - Αν μπορούσες να ξανακάνεις τα πάντα από την αρχή, θα έκανες ακριβώς τα ίδια; Και η συνήθης απάντηση είναι: -Παρ' όλες τις δυσκολίες και τις όποιες αποτυχίες θα έκανα ακριβώς τα ίδια. Αλλά αν κάποιος έκανε σε εμένα αυτήν την ερώτηση θα απαντούσα -Όχι, χίλιες φορές, όχι!"

"Με ρωτάς αν θα ήμουν διαφορετικός χωρις την κομματική καθοδήγηση; Ναι σίγουρα. Αναμφίβολα η γραμμή που επεδίωκα, όταν έγραψα την Τέταρτη Συμφωνία μου (σσ: την έγραψε στα 1936 αλλά επισήμως παίχτηκε στα 1961, μετά την αποσταλινοποίηση) θα ήταν δυνατότερη και οξύτερη στα έργα μου. Θα εξέφραζα μεγαλύτερη διαύγεια, περισσότερο σαρκασμό, θα μπορούσα να αποκαλύψω τις ιδέες μου ανοιχτά αντί να καταφεύγω σε μεταμφιέσεις. Θα έγραφα περισσότερη αγνή μουσική".

"Εργαστείτε, παίξτε. Ζείτε εδώ, σε αυτήν την χώρα και πρέπει να βλέπετε τα πράγματα έτσι όπως έχουν. Μην έχετε αυταπάτες. Δεν υπάρχει άλλη ζωή. Δεν μπορεί να υπάρξει. Απλά να είστε ευγνώμονες που ακόμα σας επιτρέπουν να αναπνέετε".

Η επιλογή του να συμβιβαστεί, του εξασφάλισε την δυνατότητα να συνεχίσει να δημιουργεί, του εξασφάλισε προνόμια, αξιώματα, βραβεία, ταξίδια στο εξωτερικό και η ζωή του απείχε μακράν από το να θεωρηθεί ως κόλαση. Αυτό άλλωστε ήταν το ηθικό και υλικό αντάλλαγμα για την απόλυτη συνεργασία του. Υπέστη σίγουρα μια εντονότατη πνευματική καταπίεση και πολλές φορές υποχρεώθηκε να συνθέσει έργα κατώτερα των δυνατοτήτων του στο πλαίσιο μιας ορισμένης προπαγάνδας αλλά ακόμα και ο ίδιος ο Στάλιν - η νέμεσίς του (αυτός που προφανώς κρυβόταν πίσω από το άρθρο της Πράβντα του 1936) εκτίμησε, όχι τη μουσική, αλλά την ψυχολογική και ηθική σημασία που είχε για τον λαό του η μεγαλειώδης Έβδομη Συμφωνία του συνθέτη στα 1940, μέσα στις συγκρούσεις και την αβεβαιότητα του Β' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου.

Από την άλλη, κανένας συμβιβασμός δεν στάθηκε ποτέ τόσο δυνατός ώστε να εμποδίσει τον συνθέτη να γράφει σπουδαία έργα ως το τέλος της ζωής του. Απλά φρόντιζε πάντα στον δημόσιο λόγο του να παρουσιάζει τα πράγματα με τρόπο ώστε να μην προκαλεί αντιδράσεις. Κι ακόμα περισσότερο, άφηνε κυρίως τη μουσική του να μιλάει για τον ίδιο.
Profile Image for Imi.
397 reviews147 followers
March 7, 2018
Disclaimer: I skim read most of the later chapters, as I was mostly looking into the reception of Shostakovich's "War" symphonies (especially his Seventh, the Leningrad) and how the composer fell in and out of Party favour, particularly during the Stalinist years. Also, the biography itself is not actually too long, ending on p.287, with the rest of the book taken up with notes, the bibliography and a list of Shostakovich's work.

A straightforward and, above all, cautious bibliographical account of the famous Soviet composer's life, a narrative of his life rather than an analysis into his music. Fay is careful not to make any grand claims about Shostakovich's motivations or political leanings. As she states in her introduction:
Writing about Shostakovich remains laced with political and moral subtexts. At its most extreme, it simply replaces one orthodoxy with another, reversing the polarities of the old, shopworn Soviet cliches: the true-believing Communist citizen-composer is inverted into an equally unconvincing caricature of a lifelong closet dissident.
She is particularly scathing of Solomon Volkov's Testimony, the so-called "authorised" memoirs of Shostakovich, which in fact appears (not having read it in full myself) to be highly embellished and provocative, while offering little evidence on the authenticity of its claims. This books attempts to add in some balance. Indeed, it is impossible to say both how different Shostakovich's life and career would have been, and moreover how he felt about this personally, had he not been under tremendous pressure from the Soviet state to conform both ideologically and aesthetically. A solid read for those interested both in Shostakovich himself, and importance of art and culture in the Soviet Union.
Profile Image for Genni.
284 reviews47 followers
June 1, 2016
Fay attempts a strictly biological account of Shostakovich's life, adding only a sprinkle of anecdote and a dash of testimony. Her work is cautious at all points, but I think this makes it an important contribution to the plethora of literature surrounding Shostakovich, literature which tends to take one side or another in the ongoing debates. Ultimately, Fay's sentiments seem to seep through though, especially at the end when she attributes a rise in popularity of Shostakovich's music not to his artistic merits, but to a reaction against serialism and dodecaphony. Or maybe she is just making an observation? (I had to return this to the library or I would go back and reread this more carefully.) Anyway, this is a foundational work to read for those interested in Shostakovich.
Profile Image for Jesse.
154 reviews44 followers
February 13, 2013
anyone else here listen too shostakovich?
1,960 reviews15 followers
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December 31, 2024
I was convinced that I had read this one before, but it would have had to have been somewhere in 2001–2004. Where my records are of what I readduring those years I have no idea. So many hard drive failures. After seeing so many people praise Fay (in particular, Elizabeth Wilson), I felt I should give her another chance. Indeed, I find myself less disappointed this time through, if indeed it is the second time through. It was my feeling throughout those 20 years that Fay (along with Richard Taruskin) more or less completely rejected everything published by Solomon Volkov and continue to propagate the image of Dimitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich as 'Loyal Son of the Party.' On this reading, it became clear that Fay was being cautious, but not necessarily totally dismissive. Shostakovich remains a controversial figure because of the number of things in general support of the Party that he allowed to be circulated over his name. Whatever he may have done in the interest of staying alive, he was undoubtedly a genius in music. One undeniable strength of this book is its extremely thorough documentation, as well as an index of significant figures in the subject's life and a very thorough list of his works.
Profile Image for Paul Duggan.
90 reviews2 followers
April 8, 2017
I became interested in Shostakovich once again after enjoying these recent performances
Poway Symphony Orchestra - Dmitri Shostakovich, Festive Overture, Op. 96
San Diego Symphony
Shostakovich, Violin Concerto No. 1 in A minor, Op. 99
Shostakovich, Symphony No. 1

As far as I can tell this is the definitive biography of Dmitri Dmitrivich Shostakovich, arguably the greatest composer of the 20th century.

Biographies of composers have the challenge of analyzing the musical compositions as well as tracing the life of the artist – dates, people, other expressions. Fay handles this dilemma adroitly, with detailed analyses of the famed composer’s works, their origins, dates, solved problems and premieres, handling the facts of his life equally well.

What seems missing is intimations of Shostakovich’s inner life. For this we must turn to other writers, most notably Julian Barnes in his recent The Noise of Time: A Novel.

I recommend for your further reading about this fascinating man:
Julian Barnes – The Noise of Time: A Novel
William Vollmann – Europe Central
Testimony – Solomon Volkov

I uncovered valuable resources on the internet while I was enjoying this book:

Material on YouTube
Performances of his most popular works
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnCvk...
Film - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-Mj-...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10qp9...
Topic - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3ly...


The book is quite obviously the result of many years of academic research.
287 pages chronological text
72 pages of end Notes
14 pages List of Works, Op. 1 through Op. 147 categorized by type of music, suite, quartet, etc.
23 page Glossary of Names
35 page Bibliography
35 page Index

Profile Image for Andrew.
Author 8 books6 followers
March 4, 2018
'It was in response to these critics that Shostakovich blithely quipped in a letter on 24 February, in what would prove to be prescience as ironic as it was naive: "Basically this is all boring. All the same, I hope that if RAPM didn't grind me into powder, that the SSK [Union of Soviet Composers] will not succeed in doing so either."'

'Maybe, after Tale of a Priest is released, I will be rebuked again by some musical critics for superficiality, for mischievousness, for the absence of the real human emotions that "finally" surfaced in my Lady Macbeth. But what can be considered human emotions? Surely not only lyricism, sadness, tragedy? Doesn't laughter also have a claim to that lofty title? I want to fight for the legitimate right of laughter in "serious" music. When a listener laughs loudly during my symphonic concert, it doesn't shock me a bit, on the contrary, it pleases me.'

'Shostakovich's appetite for music was voracious; many of those close to him observed that his need for the sustenance of composing, playing, and listening to music was on a par with his need for food. When unable to attend live performances he followed musical broadcasts on the radio, and he was quick to acquire a record player. He socialized willingly. He liked to drink with friends, but his capacity for both was limited. On occasion, he would appear to withdraw into an inaccessible inner world.'

'Reflecting an actuarial streak in his nature, Shostakovich maintained a neat log of soccer scores inscribed in a notebook - championship play arranged in pyramids - for many years both before the war and after. (He used the same notebook to log the results of chess tournaments, to inscribe his worklist by opus number, and, at least initially, to catalogue the scores in his library.)'

'The event became indelibly etched in the memories of those who attended, however, not so much because of its musical quality, or because of the impact of Shostakovich's original and profoundly disturbing musical treatment of the theme of death, but because of an incident that took place during the performance. As the fifth movement, "On the Watch," was being played, a man sitting near the front of the auditorium rose and noisily made his exit. The composer had requested the audience to be as quiet as possible because the performance was being taped, so the highly disruptive behavior of Pavel Apostolov - specialist in military music and longtime Communist Party functionary - was interpreted by many as a deliberate act of protest. It was only after the performance, when the departing listeners saw the prostrate Apostolov being tended to by a doctor in the foyer, that they realized he must have suffered a heart attack or a stroke. It was generally presumed that he had expired on the spot, or on the way to the hospital [...] in light of the theme of the symphony and the tenor of Shostakovich's introductory remarks, everyone was gripped by the mystical sense that some sort of divine retribution had been visited on one of the "villians" of the Soviet music community.'
10.7k reviews35 followers
July 28, 2024
A MARVELOUS AND DETAILED SURVEY OF THE COMPOSER'S LIFE,

Laurel E. Fay writes about Russian and Soviet music, such as 'Shostakovich and His World.'

About Shostakovich's Testimony: The Memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich, Fay writes, "Whether 'Testimony' faithfully reproduces Shostakovich's confidences, and his alone, in a form and context he would have recognized and approved for publication, remains doubtful." (Pg. 4) After the premiere of his First Symphony, "He started to write a piano concerto but abandoned it in disgust: 'I am waiting for inspiration from above.' The fickleness of his muse was a source of ongoing concern for him." (Pg. 33)

Fay notes, "Shostakovich's catholic tastes in music 'From Bach to Offenbach,' in gypsy music, street songs, and the music hall, were well established. Jazz-derived rhythms, textures, and instrumental color had been assimilated into much of his music, from the ballets and theatrical scores to his Piano Concerto...[He wrote] 'I am not against jazz as such. But I am against those ugly forms in which the universal, almost mindless enthusiasm for the genre has manifested itself.'" (Pg. 79)

After the harsh Soviet criticism of his opera 'Lady Macbeth,' "Over the succeeding days and months the shock waves rippled steadily outward in Soviet culture. For Shostakovich, who was cast down overnight from the summit as the brightest star among young Soviet composers to the abyss as pernicious purveyor of cultural depravity, things would never again be the same." (Pg. 85) He adds, "One of the few humiliations Shostakovich and the other disgraced composers were spared was expulsion from the Composers' Union." (Pg. 162)

Fay observes, "He never developed expensive tastes---beyond fastidious cleanliness, he was as indifferent to his clothing and appearance as he was to exotic cuisines and creature comforts---but he was not parsimonious. He could not refuse anyone who came to him for assistance, and there were many." (Pg. 94-95)

About the 5th Symphony, Fay wrote, "The significance of the occasion was apparent to everyone. Shostakovich's fate was at stake. The Fifth Symphony... scored an absolute, unforgettable triumph with the listeners... (it) immediately won over all musicians and nonmusicians by the depth of the music, the sincerity and singular talent of its orchestral writing." (Pg. 99-100)

This biography (which eschews detailed musical analysis; e.g., actual scores) will be of vast help to anyone wanting to learn more about the man behind the music.
Profile Image for James Henderson.
2,225 reviews159 followers
February 21, 2022
I appreciated the author's use of primary archives for this authentic post-cold-war biography of Shostakovich's tumultuous career under Soviet rule: Letters, concert programs, reviews, newspaper articles, and diaries of Shostakovich's contemporaries. Despite deprivations during the Nazi invasion and more than severe psychological strains under Stalin's reign, he composed his striking music.
Shostakovich's life is an interesting example of the difficulties and considerations of being an artist while living under authoritarian control. In August 1942, the city's surviving musicians performed his Seventh Symphony, written as a protest against fascism, in Nazi-besieged Leningrad, and it was triumphantly relayed to the German forces, who had been blasted previously to silence. As an aficionado of Shostakovich's entire oeuvre I found this biography invaluable.
1 review
April 22, 2019
Workmanlike to a fault, but a reliable guide to a mythologized life is a reliable start to exploration.
Profile Image for Avempace.
47 reviews
October 1, 2014
The intersection of music and politics is never far from the surface, as the life of Dmitri Dmitrievich Shostakovich informs us. If anything, the saga of John Adam's opera "The Death of Klinghoffer" foretell that political ripples if not outright censorship triggered by provocative operas is not unique to Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District. The life of DDS has been the subject of a cottage industry of revisionist histories. A one time revolutionary composer was rendered a tortured dissident in hiding, with the figure of Joseph Stalin casting a dark shadow on the composer's life and works. In particular, the book by Solomon Volkov (Testimony), purported to be the reminiscences of DDS late in his life as dictated to the author, offered a highly embellished view of the composer that distorted in as much as it informed. The biography of Laurel Fay does introduce some balance into this picture. The composer emerges as a complex prodigy that was the product of his time and place as much as his own personal proclivities and aspirations.

Fay probes the different periods of DDS life including his early years in post-revolutionary Petrograd/Leningrad (now back as St. Petersburg). The middle period under Stalin with the tumultuous events surrounding the great purges, the composer's own Lady Macbeth and symphonies no. 4 and 5, and his on off again denunciation and rehabilitation, takes center stage in the narrative. Fay does however cover in some details his late mature period, which was one of musical rejuvenation with much fruitful experimentation with musical forms (Symphonies no. 13, 14, concertos and sonatas, song cycles, film scores and so on). His numerous civic and political engagements and artistic collaborations are well detailed.

This biography is not at heart a musical as much as a life's narrative, although the musical oeuvres naturally provide the framework of the composer's life. There have been criticisms of Fay's biography as being too dry. I would like to think of it as a transitional biography that may yet be superseded by a more encompassing if not definitive one. For now, it remains the best work on the life of DDS available in the English language.

Here is my favorite quote from Fay's biography, which also encapsulates the paradox of a great artist at any time and place:

“In response to a plea in early 1941 from his colleague and friend, the writer Marietta Shaginyan, who was newly infatuated with the Piano Quintet and its creator, Mickhail Zoshchenko drafted for her a portrait of the Shostakovich he knew, a deeply complex individual:

"It seemed to you that he is “frail, fragile, withdrawn, an infinitely direct, pure child.” That is so. But if it were only so, then great art (as with him) would never be obtained. He is exactly what you say he is, plus something else — he is hard, acid, extremely intelligent, strong perhaps, despotic and not altogether good-natured (although cerebrally good-natured).

That is the combination in which he must be seen. And then it may be possible to understand his art to some degree.

In him, there are great contradictions. In him, one quality obliterates the other. It is conflict in the highest degree. It is almost a catastrophe."
Profile Image for william ellison.
87 reviews4 followers
February 13, 2017
Truth?

I chose to read this as a foil to Julian Barnes Noise of Time, and it filled that function very well. It is foremost a musical biography and the precise dating of works completion and premiere s is forward in Ms Fay's mind as is establishing the circumstances and character of their reception, even or especially where there are disparate accounts. For all you appreciate her thoroughness, it can get a bit dry when lesser known or favoured pieces are being discussed. On occasion the notes make up for textual rigour but all too few are the excursions into consideration of the composer's motivation or even political leanings. These latter are highlights of the main text. A reading of this biography will give the impression that Sh. Led a charmed life up to Lady Macbeth whereafter he definitely suffered from the " too many notes" syndrome. Though the charm outlived Stalin, one wonders what the younger Sh would have produced had his facility for innovation not been compromised. More Stravinsky than Schoenberg we must suppose, while under more liberal régimes the latter also found some favour with the Russian composer. One to revisit with a stack of appropriate CDs under one arm.
28 reviews2 followers
January 24, 2024
"Wie?" Shame on you, een gat in je cultuur!

"Al van gehoord, maar ik ken zijn muziek niet" Zeker eens luisteren. Begin met het 1e concerto voor viool, het 1e concerto voor cello, symfonie nr. 5, 7 of 10. O ja, en als je Eyes Wide Shut ooit hebt gezien, dan heb je hem wel degelijk al eens gehoord ;-).

"Ik heb alles beluisterd en je hebt gelijk, de man is een muzikaal genie, mijn leven zal nooit meer hetzelfde zijn!"

Dan moet je dit boek zeker eens lezen. Het is nogal 'droog' geschreven, maar het geeft je wel een erg volledig overzicht van het leven en de carrière van deze bijzondere figuur. Hij was de meest beroemde van de Sovjet-componisten, en zeker diegene wiens muziek nu nog het meest wordt opgevoerd. Sergei Prokofiev hoort maar half thuis in die categorie, want hij heeft 20 jaar doorgebracht in de VS en in Parijs alvorens terug te keren naar de Sovjet-Unie.

Shostakovich is een paar keer uitgespuwd door het regime, om er vervolgens weer door omarmd te worden. Zeker in de Stalin-periode was het componeren van 'juiste' of 'foute' muziek een kwestie van leven en dood. Hij mocht dus niet zomaar componeren wat hij wilde. Een aantal van zijn werken hebben 10 of zelfs 20 jaar in de schuif gelegen vooraleer ze hun première konden krijgen.

Om maar te zeggen, politiek is nooit ver weg als het over Shostakovich gaat, en dus ook niet in dit boek. Maar doorheen de vele citaten, brieven en getuigenissen opgenomen in het boek, leer je wel de man kennen en de manier waarop hij in het leven stond. En kom je toch iets dichter in de buurt van zijn briljante muzikale brein. En daar gaat het uiteraard om, in een biografie.
Profile Image for Carol.
1,418 reviews
December 26, 2010
This is the standard current biography of Dmitry Shostakovich, and it's a good read, too. It's straightforward and concentrates mostly on biography instead of musical analysis. I found Shostakovich and his life very interesting, if rather saddening. He didn't have a very happy life - I think he never was able to escape from the long shadow of his experiences under Stalin's regime, especially during the Terror and its purges. It seemed as if Stalin and his regime were very much against Shostakovich, but, because of his stature as a composer, instead of arresting him, they sought to control him by subjecting him to series of minor persecutions while holding the threat of a larger one over his head. I doubt he ever really got over the fear and anxiety of those years.
Now that I've read this book, I think I shall embark on a more thorough investigation of Shostakovich's music.
Profile Image for Isaac.
25 reviews
April 29, 2015
Not the most riveting storytelling, but excellently researched and supported, which is a bit of a luxury when dealing with a composer whose life is surrounded by as much myth and hearsay as good solid research. I read it for a class, and while it wasn't always the thing I was most excited to read, it was never a bored-to-tears experience either.
Profile Image for U.R. Bowie.
Author 17 books2 followers
June 3, 2015
And what a life! Spending much of his time wondering when the Soviet KGB would be coming for him, to torture him to death, as it did so many of his friends. Meanwhile, writing some of the greatest music of the 20th century. By the way, they never came for him. In a way, it must have been something of a disappointment. You anticipate something for so long, and then it never happens.
Profile Image for Irene.
27 reviews
December 31, 2012
Surely very well researched. Style a bit dry for my taste. Could have done with a sprinkling of...passion? Heart? Even political or musical! An opportunity missed to help us understand what drove DS.
7 reviews1 follower
June 20, 2007
I found this to be a very readable yet detailed account of Shostakovich's life, and how his compositions very literally defined it. An interesting look at Soviet Russia from an artist's perspective.
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