"'He is the dragon crocodile who haunts the Northern marshes. And the hide of his back is of steel, and his underparts are of iron; but along the midst of his back, over his spine, there lies a strip of unearthly metal.'"
This collection is testament to the true breadth of Lord Dunsany as a writer. A founder of the fantasy genre, he incorporates not only the mythical basis of his native Britain, but also includes a reverent allusion to the architecture and mythology of the Middle East and North Africa, often adding his own inventions to his diverse mythology. This collection reveals glimpses of all of that, in addition to wit, social commentary and proto-horror. Sometimes, the sheer scope of the collection leaves individual stories seeming fragmented and unrelated to one another, making this overview review very difficult to write. But its that very esoteric imaginative indulgence which makes this collection a great entry-level book for those who would like to read more by Lord Dunsany, the imagery is vividly realised, if each snippet of a unique creative universe whips by in a handful of pages and leaves the reader yearning for more. Where Tolkein specialised in the depth of his world, Lord Dunsany creates a travelogue of the imagination. Something like a Victorian fantasy Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, he builds individual concepts and landscapes in exquisite detail, only to lead the reader on in a hedonistic rush from world to world in the pursuit of beauty, mystery, and meaning. There is a range and an irreverent creativity here that I don't think has been equalled since. How about I let the stories speak for themselves?
The Sword of Welleran ***
The titular story in this collection, it is an intriguing subversion of the fortress city guarded by almost indestructible heroes. In this tale, all the heroes are dead hundreds of years and their city Merinma no longer practices the martial arts but relies on ominous statues and songs to keep invaders away. This is possible because of the divinity myth surrounding its heroes, whom no man has seen dead. Now it had been the wont of each of these six warriors of old, when they had received a wound that they had known to be mortal, to ride off to a great ravine and cast his body in, as somewhere I have read great elephants do" It's an interesting premise. The spirits of these dead heroes continue to goad and interfere with the people of Merinma, who have become pacifistic in philosophy rather than lazy as it is first presented to the reader. An interesting account of the cost of national independence and our reliance on the past to carry out our dirty work so we can live off the bloody spoils.
The Fall of Babulkund ***
Here, we see Lord Dunsany's awe for the elegant and ancient cities of the Middle East come to the fore. 'Nay, pass on before me, for its is a sore thing never to have seen Babulkund having lived while yet she still stood.'" A group of Westerners are travelling to the fabled city of Babulkund, a wonder of the world where the cold north meets the culture of learning of the Arab desert. But they are not to see this beautiful and arrogant city, which has come to worship its own stones, because a prophet of an unknown religion has come to smite it down. Some very progressive representations of Muslims for the time of writing, Arabic and Islamic people remain strongly under-represented in modern fantasy.
The Kith of the Elf-Folk *****
This was by far my favourite story in the collection. It was beautifully narrated and deeply moving at times. This charted the life of a young Wild Thing, an ethereal soulless creature of the English marshes. "Thence, out of the lovely chill that is at the heart of the ooze, it arose renewed and rejoicing to dance upon the image of the stars." This Wild Thing dances in the reflection of a stained glass window and watched the evensong within. It becomes convinced that it would like a soul. "'I want to have a soul to worship God, and to know the meaning of music, and to see the inner beauty of the marshland and to imagine paradise.'" So the Wild Things make a soul for their young cousin from the dew on a spider's web and the song of the waterfowl as they descend over the marshes at dusk. And so the young Wild Thing becomes a young woman. But society does not see her beautiful soul. She is judged instantly for not knowing the proper social etiquette of society and being moved to love by the vicar's sermon. So they send her away to a grim northern industrial town. "It had mastered all the subtlety of skilled workers, and had gradually replaced them; one thing only it could not do, it was unable to pick up the ends if a piece of thread broke, in order to tie them up again. For this a human soul was required." This line is so dark, so piercing, it could have come from George Orwell. Mary Jane, the Wild Thing's human name, misses the beauty of her marsh home and seeks to pass her soul onto another so she can return. There is no fulfilment in her human life. "But the factory girl said to her: 'All the poor have souls. It is all they have.'" Her voice is that of the birds at dusk, and moves many to tears, and when she finds one woman who is able to talk through her songs of longing she knows she has found one without a soul. This story deserves to be known to a much wider audience.
The Highwayman ***
A simple story with a strong message against corporal punishment. The soul of Old Tom the robber is physically chafed by his inhuman death, and suffers after his body is rotted. "But the soul was nipped by the cruel iron chains, and whenever it struggled to escape it was beaten backwards into the iron collar" Three fellow criminals, all portrayed as immoral but also capable of loyalty and faith, enter Old Tom's remains in sacred ground where his soul battered into piety by the elements can at last move to the afterlife.
In the Twilight ****
A grizzly and surprisingly modern first-person account of the experience of drowning. It has a quality as if it comes from personal experience, which is uncanny if it is entirely fiction. "My past life never occurred to my mind, but I thought of many trivial things that I might not see or do again if I were to drown." The author embraces the warped perception of time that people experience when they are under extreme stress or on the border of consciousness, relating the passage of seconds with excruciating perceptual detail and sense of epochs passing with each breath. A good example piece of sensory-perceptual writing.
The Ghosts *****
This was my second favourite story in the collection, although for entirely different reasons to my first. In this first-person account, Lord Dunsany gives the world's most sarcastic narrative of a supernatural visitation. It begins with an argument with his brother (who is painted as a complete ignoramous), then he consumes lots of coffee and whiskey, and waits to 'see' the ghosts he doesn't himself believe in come about as a result of his own debauchery. "They were little more than shadows - very dignified shadows and almost indistinct; but you have all read ghost stories before, you have seen in museums the dresses of those times - there is little need to describe them. I had expected nothing less." There's a good grasp of psychology here. The author identifies the key elements of a ghost story and rips them apart from an extremely logical position. Then the ghosts' sins stalk into the room in the form of great black dogs. From this point the story descends into the ridiculous, with the author considering what would happen if he framed his brother's murder on ghosts. Naturally, he relies on Euclidian geometry to restore him to his rational senses. "'If two straight lines cut one another,' I said, 'the opposite angles are equal.'" I thought it was hilarious.
The Whirlpool **
A very short story from the perspective of a whirlpool, with vaguely anthropomorphic language used to describe it. Examines briefly the relationship between the catastrophic natural event and its divine master. Not bad, but far from a stand-out.
The Hurricane **
The counterpart to The Whirlpool, the hurricane concerns the thoughts of a different natural disaster. One of Dunsany's recurring themes, the damage caused by human civilisation to the environment and the need for a human extinction, resurfaces here, but is not explored with great humour or depth as occurs at other points in the collection.
The Fortress Unvanquishable, Save for Sacnoth ****
The longest story in this collection, this is also one of the best. Evil warlock Gaznok is building a tower of fancy and delusion in the world after many centuries of absence on a comet, and budding hero Leothric is hoping to stop him. The first part of the story, his quest for the legendary sword Sacnoth which Gaznok cannot destroy is the best part. He has to fight a man-eating metal dragon-crocodile. What a brilliant idea. I'm imagining something like the clicking crocodile in Peter Pan, but entirely bronze and much longer. Tharagavverug (the dragon-crocodile) can only be killed by starving to death. Leothric must stay away for three days and three night consecutively poking the beast in the eye to keep it from devouring men. And he is rewarded with the great blade which makes up the crocodile's backbone. "it was like the moonlight emerging from a cloud to look for the first time upon a field of blood" Gaznok never stood a chance.
The Lord of Cities ***
Building on what is now a time-honoured fantasy tradition, this story involves a road that cannot be travelled deliberately but only found by accident. It leads to the seemingly abandoned English village of Wrellisford where the Industrial Revolution has not yet hit. "The terrible wasting fever that, unlike so many plagues, comes not from the East but from the West, the fever of hurry, had not come here" Sound idyllic? There's a strong hint from the finery and monotony of their tapestries that the whole place is run by spiders.
The Death of La Traviatta **
This was by far my least favourite tale in the collection. I just don't think we need to have upper class men musing on the souls of female prostitutes. There is no sense of damnation here, almost a sense at God's failure, but there is also a sense that La Traviatta is here dehumanised to an abstract discussion of her sins. I don't think this is anything particularly new or valuable.
On the Dry Land ***
A sad little story to end an otherwise very triumphant collection, this details the betrayal of fickle Love, who leads men around in a wilderness to no great purpose only to abandon them. "Then as they neared at last the safety of the dry land, Love looked at the man whom he had led for so long through the marshes, and saw that his hair was white, it was shining in the pallor of the dawn." Death is far more loyal. A strangely archaic way to end such a contemporary-feeling collection with muses personified, a device associated with the 1600s. Strange. But if not strange, what can I expect from Lord Dunsany?