This is a book I have read many, many times. I actually first discovered it in my early teens and loved it beyond measure I still have that same copy and I re-read it every year or two with great enjoyment.
It was apparently nominated for the 1963 Hugo Award for Best Novel, I think it should have won.
We start on the planet Zarathustra, a Class-III uninhabited planet where the chartered Zarathustra Company, with Victor Grego at the helm is happily striping the planet of resources and making lots of money. We then jump to Jack Holloway, a geological prospector happily living his life in the wilderness far from civilisation. Then one day, a small, golden-furred, humanoid, bipedal furry animal walks into Jack's house and is named by him little Fuzzy. When news of the Fuzzies spread, Victor Grego and the Company realise the danger - if these little Fuzzies can do everything claimed for them, they may well be sapient and that would be the end of their charter.
This little known (and in my opinion, far FAR underrated book) wowed me when I first read it and it continues to do so with every re-reading. I loved the gentle touch with which geology, planetology and a brand new planet are described. When I read it the sci-fi books had a lot of exciting space romps, a lot of human-o-centric adventures and a lot of social speculation in science fiction but I had never before come across such a beautifully written, vivid book which took biological science and geology and made them into such an exciting, vivid story.
The description of sunstone mining on Zarathustra, where "Some fifty million years ago...there had existed a marine life form, something like a jellyfish..." some of which by an accident of fossilisation were thermoflurecent and were enormously expensive as jewels just made me want to run away to the stars and become a fossicker. There was a problem with this career plan which I later spotted. I had to make do with some fossicking in outback Australia instead.
I loved Little Fuzzy and his family, I was charmed by the way in which Jack Holloway related to them. The whole plot plan though fascinated me. The Charter Zarathustra Company, while certainly the bad guy in the plot, was very level headedly described; it was there to make money. It's executives kind of talked themselves into believing what their career path needed for them to believe, it all seemed so rationally and so very human.
I enjoy court dramas, of which there is an abundance in this book, complete with precedents from many worlds some of them quite fascinating. Also I loved the exploration of what was and what was not sentience and the exploration of sentience and exo-biology.... Well, I am not going to say that was why I ended up doing an honours, in animal behaviour, but I am willing to consider it as a contributing factor.
Something that always amazes me when I re-read this book is how much is packed in! It is a shortish book, 174 pages, yet within those pages a whole planet comes to life, many individuals all distinct and unique are described. A whole new sentient -no spoilers- race, it's discovery and recognition is outlined. All that while giving us an excellent, fast paced adventure. Marvellous book, far underrated and unrecognised.
This is definately one of my all time favourite classic science fiction books.