This was one of the first hardcover editions of science fiction short stories, and so it's a good idea for anyone interested in beginning to read the genre who wants to know how the American strain of pulp science fiction got started, in the magazines of the 30's. Sure, the stuff written in the 60's and onwards is, for the most part, better literature, but there is something in the best of these old stories, call it an earnest sense-of-wonder if you like, or a genuine faith in human intellect, or an uncynical belief in the power of ideas alone to shock, that has rarely been replicated since. There are, of course, good and bad stories in this anthology, and lots of mediocrity, but if you read the best ones, which take up about half the volume, you'll have begun your education on an important period in the genre. You will also know whether or not you like so-called "Golden Age" science fiction. It's not to everyone's tastes, to be sure.
So, what are the best? Mostly, the ones written by authors that later came to be known as the masters, along with a few hidden gems. Here are my suggestions:
Read Robert Heinlein's "Requiem," "The Roads Must Roll," and "By His Bootstraps." Heinlein's voice dominated science fiction for over half a century, and these are seminal early stories reflecting the Heinlein worldview and approach. The first two are part of his massive future history series, and they give you a strong sense of the character-based social/political stories he was interested in telling. The third one is a mind-taxing comedy about the paradoxical possibilities of time travel, a classic of the field superseded years later only by another Heinlein story about time paradoxes, "All You Zombies..." Heinlein is credited with making the future feel "lived in" - his conversational voice and his knack for sneaking exposition into his stories make his futures feel real in a way that previous fictional futures had not. He is the seed from which modern science fiction as we know it sprouted.
Read "The Proud Robot," "The Time Locker," and "The Twonky," by Lewis Padgett, who is really Henry Kuttner and C. L. Moore, a power couple of the "Golden Age." These stories are quick and funny and smart as hell. "The Twonky" is also quite shocking. They feel very contemporary, too.
Read "Black Destroyer" and "The Weapons Shop," by A. E. Van Vogt. "Black Destroyer" is often said to have initiated the "Golden Age." Well, maybe that's silly, but Van Vogt, when he's good, is amazing, even if his stories make no sense. They have a weird, dreamlike intensity, often powerfully, even triumphantly, illogical, and they influenced many writers afterwards, most notably Philip K. Dick. He's probably not good in any "literary" sense, but the man is clearly insane, and his stories benefit greatly from that fact.
Read "Nightfall," by Isaac Asimov. Then, go read his Foundation and Robot stories. But start here. His intellectual rigor and scope of imagination were essential to the development of the genre, and this story is archetypal Asimov in its calm but absolutely compelling unraveling of a logical problem, his forte throughout his career.
Read "A Matter of Size" and "Farewell to the Master," by Harry Bates. Bates is less well-known, and if these stories are any indication, that's a shame. "A Matter of Size" is a delightful adventure about a human invited to a planet of giants for mysterious reasons. The set pieces are great, and the mystery's resolution is satisfying. "Farewell to the Master," having almost nothing to do with the famous movie based on it, is about a reporter investigating an uncanny robot from the stars. It's another mystery, and it works like clockwork - best of all, it's genuinely moving, and quite unforgettable. It has one of the best endings in science fiction.
"Q.U.R.," by Anthony Boucher, is another gem. It's a funny and very clever robot story whose plot hinges on how well some people can make a robot mix a drink like their Martian bartender can - the world depends on it! Great fun.
Henry Hasse's "He Who Shrank" is a classic example of one of those crazy 1930's stories that can be summed up in a single sentence - in this case, "Each atom contains an entire UNIVERSE!" Its considerable power stems from the breadth and intensity of that basic idea. It's worth the long read.
I had never heard of Raymond Jones before, but I found his "Correspondence Course" to be a lovely little Twilight Zone-esque mystery about a widower returning from the Second World War to find himself taking a correspondence course by mail with a school that can't possibly exist. It's surprisingly touching, once the mystery is solved.
And the final story, S. Fowler Wright's "Brain," is something else entirely. It feels not at all like pulp, but like the UK scientific romances of H. G. Wells or Olaf Stapledon. It's a funny and vicious satire of the scientific worldview, and I immediately wrote down his name so I can find more of his writing.
So - about half this collection is worth reading, well worth reading. Everything else you can take or leave. Some of it is fine, if instantly forgettable. Often there are potentially interesting ideas that are ruined by dull plotting or labored, overwritten prose or flat characters, all of which were rampant problems in the genre writing of the time. You can read them if you're addicted to this stuff. But the stories I've pointed out are all great, many of them intensely influential or iconic, and can be read with just as much excitement today as 70 years ago.