Russell Baker demonstrated that a good writer can craft more than one enduring memoir, focusing on different stages or tasks, in one’s life. Baker’s Pulitzer Prize-winning memoir, Growing Up was published in 1982. Growing Up describes Baker’s childhood and young adulthood, revealing how the author and his family survived the Depression and World War II. The Good Times was published seven years later in 1989. The Good Times catalogs Russell’s education and developing career as a newspaper reporter, columnist, and author.
Both of Baker’s memoirs include descriptions of Russell’s relationship with multiple family members and friends. The main theme of Growing Up, the relationship of Russell with his mother, is more of a subplot to The Good Times. Both books provide important insights into mother–son dynamics. Baker’s memoirs document the lifelong (and even after death) effect of a mother’s influence on the life of her son (magnified in Russell’s case by the early death of his father, when Russell was only six). “My mother, dead now to this world but still roaming free in my mind, wakes me some mornings before daybreak”… with her oft-repeated wisdom:
• “… Russell, you’ve got no more gumption than a bump on a log.”
• “Don’t you want to amount to something?”
• “If there’s one thing I can’t stand, it’s a quitter.”
• “Have a little ambition, Buddy.”
• “Sometimes you act like you’re not worth the powder to blow you up…”
• “Edwin James (Baker’s cousin who became the Editor of The New York Times, and therefore, the paragon of literary success for Russell’s mother) is no smarter than anyone else… and look where he is today…”
• “My God, Russell, you don’t know any more about humanity’s dreams and sorrow than a hog knows about holiday.”
• “You might as well blow your own horn because nobody’s going to blow it for you”
The Good Times also documents, in Baker’s satirical and humorous style, the impact of the second most important relationship in his life – the relationship with his wife Mimi. Mimi had been an orphan and grew up in a home for abandoned children. Throughout their marriage, Russell’s mother patronized Mimi, as she had been patronized by his grandmother. Four years into their relationship but before they had been married, Mimi tried to get Russell to take her on vacation to Ocean City, NJ. Instead, he went with friends to Provincetown, Cape Cod, and even rebuked her attempts to meet up in Ocean City for one week. Finally, Mimi threatened to move to Texas, which would have ended their relationship. Chastened, Russell had to backtrack and after much fighting, married Mimi in a Lutheran church chosen by his mother.
The couple immediately spent themselves into debt and found Mimi pregnant with their first child. As always, Russell’s mother was available for comment, “I didn’t expect my mother to take it well when I told her Mimi was pregnant, and she didn’t… ‘When you give hostages to fortune, you’d better be ready to pay the piper’ …” On the day of delivery, Russell slept through the birth of his child, and could not afford flowers to take to his wife; instead, his newspaper sent roses to Mimi. Throughout The Good Times, Baker makes it clear that being a father is less important to him than career advancement. Later, in the book, he regrets the fact his children seem to have rejected his generation’s value system (‘making it’ and the ‘rat race’) presumably spawned by enduring the Depression.
The Good Times includes poignant accounts of mentors or father surrogates, who influenced Russell psychosocially and professionally. An important example was Ed Young. Ed Young, city editor, and Russell’s boss for a time, modeled excellence in journalism: “Young on the city desk taught me respect for journalism. Until then I had taken the wise-guy view that it was a trivial, second-rate business for boozers, incompetent romantics, and failed writers… My ambition to outshine Cousin Edward reflected these attitudes. Nothing could have been more arrogant or foolish than the notion that, without any special education or training, I could someday match Edwin’s achievements. I didn’t think of them as achievements but as adventures, as fun for grownups… Serious men, I thought, wrote novels…. After working with Ed Young, I grew up enough to smile at the childishness of the idea… By then, at age twenty-four, I had tried enough fiction to know I had no talent for it. Worse, I didn’t even enjoy writing it… Ed rarely lectured… Everything about the way he did the job simply insisted that journalism was serious work for serious people.” Baker paints pictures of heroes and how we hero-worshippers are transformed by their behavior modeling: “The strange thing is that almost all of us, even those who were driven away, loved the paper and believed it was a good paper and could even be a great paper. This was probably why so many of us gave our hearts to Ed Young. He embodied our conviction that we were doing something terribly important and ought to keep doing it even though the people who owned it and ran it didn’t seem to understand why we cared.”
Russell lived to achieve much of the success he had sought, only to find that it was not as fulfilling as he had imagined. “Now that I seemed to amount to something, how was life different? Once you made something of yourself, life should change, shouldn’t it?... I was discovering, though I didn’t realize it then, the hunger for success was bred deeply into so many Depression youngsters that we were powerless to stop chasing it long after we had achieved it. Or had ‘made it’ in the slang of the era. The hunger to ‘make it’ was the motor to our ambition, and it was almost impossible to turn it off… If we made it, we were not satisfied. We wanted to make it big. If we made it big, we wanted to make it bigger. About this time, self-mocking people began to talk of the ‘rat race’. The self-mockery didn’t stop many people from running it. Ten years later, our own children would strike broadly at us by rejecting the successful lives we had prepared for them, but in 1954 nobody, absolutely nobody, could see that coming.”
“The obit (obituary of Cousin Edwin in his New York Times) was singularly lifeless, giving no suggestion that he had ever had more than two breaths of humanity in him. By then I had written enough obits to recognize the symptoms. Whoever had written poor Edmund’s send-off had been too floored by reverence to fear to dare suggest that he had once been human…”
Analogous to his ambivalence about the ‘success’ of Cousin Edwin, Russell described several moral conflicts during his developing, reporting career such as coloring ‘objective journalism’ with personal opinions and using one’s writing to self-aggrandize. Many of these conflicts arose during his period as the London correspondent for his newspaper, and Baker conflated many of these conflicts with his interpretation of American versus British values and styles.
• “Until that night I had held religiously to the American faith in ‘objective journalism’…”
• “For a reporter … to question the value of ‘objective journalism’ was worse than unthinkable. It was subversive. It was revolutionary. Now I was not just questioning it; I was thrusting my own judgment into a story…”
• “By contrast, I had an American childhood. ‘Might as well blow your own horn because nobody’s going to blow it for you’ was my mother’s advice. Blowing your own horn was the American way…”
In each of these vignettes, Baker’s satire reminds me of Mark Twain’s autobiographical works.
Russell Baker concludes his professional memoir with the aging, dementia, and death of his mother. Her life provided a perspective from which he could put his career and its purpose and meaning into context. “When my mother died in 1984 we went back to the Virginia churchyard where my father and Herb (Russell’s stepfather) were buried… ‘They’ll never get me back to those sticks’ she used to say in those Depression days after she had taken Doris (his sister) and me out of Virginia and made us city people in New Jersey… She was talking of Morrisonville, the village where I was born. It lay in the Loudon Valley of Northern Virginia… She had been brave then. Maybe the bravest of all the brave things she did was giving Audrey, her baby, only ten months old, up for adoption by my Uncle and Aunt…”
At the end of The Good Times, Russell Baker reports a calm that is far beyond resignation with one’s fate. His mother had become a metaphor for satisfaction in a life in which Russell has ‘shown some gumption’ and ‘made something of himself’, after all: “Maybe it was only bravado, which was lost on a boy, but I was middle age and had seen half the world before I came back to Morrisonville one day and gazed at its wonder, thinking My God, this is one of the most beautiful places I have seen… For me it had been a mean and shabby place from which to escape… So bringing her back at the end was not a vengeful attempt to have the last word in the lifelong argument between us. It was done out of a sense that a family is many generations closely woven; that though generations die, they endure as part of the fabric of the family; that the burying place is a good place to remind the living that they have debts to the past… Our sorrow that day was tempered by relief. After six years of the nursing home, of watching her change into someone else, and then into nobody at all, death seemed not unwelcome.”
I loved reading Growing Up and The Good Times. They both remind me of the gallows humor and pathos of Frank McCourt in Angela’s Ashes, Tis, and Teacher Man. And they resonate for me with the all-American satire, insight, and humanity of Mark Twain’s Autobiography, Huckleberry Finn, and The Innocents Abroad. All of these books are helping me realize gratitude in my life, and inspiring me to contemplate writing another memoir.