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478 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 2009
But there's more to Hawthorne than just his stories and novels. I'm equally attached to his notebooks, which contain some of his strongest, most brilliant prose. The diary he kept about taking care of his five-year-old son for three weeks in 1851 is a self-contained work. It can stand on its own, and it's so charming, so funny in its deadpan way, that it gives an entirely new picture of Hawthorne. He wasn't the gloomy, tormented figure most people think he was. Or not only that. He was a loving father, and husband, a man who liked a good cigar and a glass or two of whiskey, and he was playful, generous, and warmhearted. Exceedingly shy, yes, but someone who enjoyed the simple pleasures of the world.
By the age of fifty, most of us are haunted by ghosts. They live inside us and we spend as much time talking to the dead as to the living. It's hard for a young person to understand this. It's not that a twenty year old doesn't know he's going to die, but it's the loss of others that so profoundly affects an older person—and you can't know what that accumulation of losses is going to do to you until you experience it yourself. Life is so short, so fragile, so mystifying. After all, how many people do we actually love in the course of a lifetime? Just a few, a tiny few. When most of them are gone, the map of your inner world changes. As my friend George Oppen once said to me about getting old: what a strange thing to happen to a little boy.
I didn't really get a feeling for the poetry of the past until I had discovered modern poetry. Then I began to see how nineteenth-century poetry wasn't just something lifeless in an ancient museum but must have grown out of the lives of the people who wrote it.
The idea of relief from pain has something to do with ambiguity. Ambiguity supposes eventual resolution of itself, whereas certitude implies further ambiguity. I guess that is why so much "depressing" modern art makes me feel cheerful.
Because sometimes I am tired of being myself.—Haruki Murakami
As one reads the Paris Review Interviews, one soon realises that one is experiencing the birth of a new genre. I suppose that letter-writing is a dead art, and of course sadly so. Yet I at the same time suppose that it is just as well. There are already enough letters in the world, and good ones, which one hasn't got the time to read. Letters of Kafka are good, but have you read Flaubert's? There's a handsome volume of selected letters - some six hundred or so pages, which includes about a dozen previously unpublished letters. Oh no, I recently discovered the letters of Emily Dickinson, I'm reading that now. Good lord, she wrote letters? I was going to read Keats's letters, but now there seems to be need for a little detour . . . . Whitman wrote them, so did Austen, so did Joyce. Every one of the oldies wrote letters. We poor readers always want more. We say of Shakespeare, how nice 't would have been, had his letters survived. But of course we'd have piled them up with all those other letter books, with a big Complete Plays of Shakespeare at the bottom of that pile. So then maybe it's just as well.
But then the writer, having poured his soul out in his novels, his poems, his plays, now needs to pour out his heart and especially his mind in some other form. It only need seem that he does so unwillingly, otherwise we start suspicioning. These writers are usually up to no good, when they are self-conscious. We love to catch them in their pyjamas, preferably a little hang over, in their living rooms. In their suits and thick-lensed spectacles they just can't help but lie. That's why we love the letter. We are intrigued by the prospect of catching a glimpse of the writer not at his desk but about the room, walking the room, or doing whatever else it is those creatures do in those rooms all those hour, for you can't tell me they are ever at their desks writing, and expect me to believe you. That glimpse is, of course, uncatchable in the interview, for those very things we're interested in are those that the writer does while he's all alone, and the interview, like the tango, takes two.
But so much for comparisons; there is no knowing truly what boring, what intriguing, what tiresome, what strenuous, what nervous, what lazy secret lives the writers lead. Writing, being in more ways similar to reading than most other activities, must breed the same kind of lives that reading does, and the reader, in his curiosity, is more or less correct in presuming that where he pauses his reading to eat a peach, the writer too paused to eat a peach, if metaphorical. Therefore let's leave the matter at that, and think no more of these things in this way.
Reading them, these Paris Review interviews, one is at once disappointed and comforted, at once surprised and not. All these emotions are of course excited by the fact that the Paris Review interviews reveal the human in the writers, and where one is disappointed that there is so little mystery in such supposedly mysterious creatures, one is comforted to know that one might just end up becoming one, if only one can get oneself to sit still and just let oneself think oneself capable of composing a sentence in a more or less composed, fairly learned, preferably unpretentious manner. One feels oneself capable, too. And because one knows oneself incapable, one is surprised to find that the whole seemingly commonplace conversation, the whole interview thing, has revealed little if anything, and one is not surprised, after all, for we already know how good these writers are, and wouldn't it be a little naïve of them to reveal too much (if even that) of their secret lives?▪At any rate, it would be naïve of the reader to believe everything they say, these writers. One recalls the stories that Faulkner told of his experiences in a war he has missed; how he even had the scars to show for it. In short, we expect these writers to be tactful, for we know them to be so. We expect them to "tell the whole truth, but [to] tell it slant", as one of the oldies put it.
But obviously there are writers one would necessarily believe to be speaking the entire truth. They are so gentle they cannot be liars, deceptive creatures they are. Who would expect such a gentle old guy like Don DeLillo to tell a lie? But how, at the same time, can one expect the creator of Nick from Underworld, or Oswald from Libra, or the subtle Jack Gladney from White Noise to be wholly honest? He is too intelligent in those works to be expected to take a stand about such matters as are discussed in his interview.
On the other hand, PG Wodehouse is entirely believable. Prior to the interview here published, I thought he was some great old obscure novelist from 19th century America, a less fortunate contemporary of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe. How surprised I was to learn that he was a sunny-spirited old guy from England, known for his comic works! And how very disappointed by that "suniness of spirit", that absolute optimism one doesn't expect in a true artist.
Of course one is glad to know him, anyway, even if one is barely compelled to go read his stuff. He is better than the execrable, callow Kerouac; he is better than the snobbish E B White, who is perhaps the only other instance of writer too happy to be interesting, yet he, White, still manages to be interesting in his own small way, if only for his unpretentiousness; he is better than the somewhat unoriginal Auster, both as writer and as interviewee.
But what great satisfaction one gets from the truly interesting subjects: Marilyne Robinson is sassy and she i believes in God, even gives sermons at church! How great a talker, so ironical, so twisty, Philip Roth turns out to be. How Maya Angelou seems to speak across time and space, until one somehow hears her great orator's voice speaking from that podium. How one feels oneself to have found a friend in John Ashbery, that gentle soul. And how fantastic to find that Harold Bloom is as grandiose and grumpy as ever, and unapologetic, and smart, and formidably knowledgeable. One wants to go back and hear these great talkers talk talk talk, but the greatest effect one leaves these great interviews with, is the urge to go read the books they wrote immediately, while their human voices still linger in one's mind.
The interview, as a form, has more limits than the letter, naturally. But also not. The best writers i have always thought are the stammerers, the stutterers, the lispers and the murmurers. The best writers are so much in their rooms writing that their tongues grow heavy from disuse. Then we start to suspect a good speaker. He's an orator, a public figure, not the hermit we would like. Yet we always expect the best writers to be good with letters also, since a letter is written. When a writer strikes a cord we did not expect in the interview, we are amazed, but also a little suspicious. How can we tell the rehearsed from the spontaneous?
▪America: William Styron, Marianne Moore, Ezra Pound, Jack Kerouac, E. B. White, John Ashbery, Philip Roth, Maya Angelou, Stephen Sondheim, Marilynne Robinson
United Kingdom: P. G. Wodehouse
Trinidad: V. S. Naipaul
Japan: Haruki Murakami
Turkey: Orhan Pamuk
Israel: David Grossman