Perhaps the most thoroughly bleak book I've ever read. That's not to say that it's not a good book -- it is, at times, quite good. But the reader must be prepared to deal with the feeling of utter hopelessness in the face of inevitable horrors.
The rest of this review contains significant spoilers!!
Although a story of wartime and the fall of the once powerful to utter ruin, this is no tragedy, no story of a great peoples brought low by a corrupt few, or of huddled masses yearning to breathe freely, united by a great leader. We begin at the end of a devastating war in a vaguely European, vaguely late 20th-century country. The war's causes, its partisans, the outcome -- all are left unknown, indeed, the questions are never even asked. Banks allows us no stories of noble warriors, self-sacrificing heroes, righteous causes, victories against insurmountable odds. To do so would be to give meaning to the violence and destruction, to justify it, to hint at the possibility of redemption, when really, Banks says, all there is is destruction and the horrific pleasure some humans experience and crave from inflicting violence upon others.
The narrator is one of Banks' most thoroughly unlikable and amoral voices -- and that's saying something. He is not the type of person for whom the real-life, socialist Banks had much sympathy or respect. Abel is the last in the line of some minor nobility; he fancies himself a great wit and also a sort of nouveau Marquis de Sade, "bravely" shattering the hypocrisies of conventional morality by leading a life of debauchery with his partner, Morgan. Abel is not a tragic hero, a great man brought down by a fatal flaw. Abel has always been a creature of privilege and appetite: unrepentingly spoiled; bored by anything that does not give him pleasure. To emphasize that his loss of status is no tragedy, the story begins with Abel and Morgan already having quit his ancestral castle, servants in tow, part of a river of refugees, all of whom are fleeing some unknown, now destroyed home, traveling to someplace unknown, probably nowhere. Abel's wealth and privilege is exposed as only exterior accoutrements; at heart, he is no different than the anonymous masses -- he's just used to having a bit of power over the locals and enough wealth to indulge himself openly in high society and get away with it.
Abel & Morgan are taken by a group of former soldiers turned mercenary, whose lieutenant plans to relocate to their erstwhile castle for a new base of operations. We watch through Abel's eyes as he narrates the progressively heightening degradation and violence inflicted upon his home and his self, occasionally broken by memories of his many debaucheries. These vignettes from the past reveal Abel's core sexual obscenity, expressed in a bizarre fetishizing of fluids and solids, liquidity and stone and mud and earth. They also unfold the mysterious nature of Abel's relationship with Morgan, his partner in sexual license. The secret is not especially difficult to figure out -- one can probably guess the general nature pretty quickly -- nor does it radically change the meaning of the events (no hacky M. Night Shamalyan twist here) -- but it does explain a lot about Abel's character: his curious sense of detachment, even when experiencing terrible humiliation; his nihilistic outlook on humanity; his almost sexual acceptance of his fate. It also reinforces his disregard for the concerns of the world around him -- indeed, with any concerns besides those of his own pleasure.
This is not to say that Abel is entirely unsympathetic -- even though he is quite despicable. I, at least, felt an ounce of pity for him, if only for the brutal indignities he suffers throughout. Our ability to sympathize at least somewhat with Abel is encouraged also when we learn that the soldiers who torment him have no tragic backstory, pursue no noble cause, seek no redemption -- they are just as base, cruel, and petty as him, but born to a life of labor, not leisure, and sent to die in a no doubt pointless conflict -- and so filled with a powerful, justifiable resentment.
Even here, Banks does not offer hope: Abel recognizes in others only their shared proclivity for depravity. Also damning is his inability to see any link between his life of privilege and the violence that has shattered his land: he never raises political questions, and Banks provokes them in the reader largely through their pointed absence at certain moments in the narrative. Abel's antagonists also fail to have any epiphanies or deathbed conversions, to offer justifications for themselves or their behavior -- they aren't able to see the political background either.
What are we left with? A tale that begins in darkness and burrows further downward. By the end, any hope of a last minute reprieve -- in the narrative or in the overall mood -- is dashed. There's cruelty and death. Then more cruelty, and more death. Hope is an idea for a different book, a different world -- maybe a different type of creature than the human beings we see in this book.