"If a man cannot catch glory when his knees are supple he had better not try when they grow stiff."
"To try my hand with an army is a longing not to be described, yet it is mixed with shame for the vanity which gives me such confidence: it will come and I cannot help it."
" Charles! Charles Napier! Take heed of your ambition for military glory; this high command will, unless you are careful, give it all its vigour again. Get thee behind me Satan."
Victoria's secret is out: Glory. The desire for glory held by the officers and men of Queen Victoria's army was the driving force that allowed the creation, expansion, and military maintenance of the British Empire. The indications of the importance of glory expressed by one of her generals, Charles Napier, are reiterated throughout the deft accounts of over thirty "little wars" spanning the period of Victoria's reign, from 1837 to 1900.
In light of this sequence of violent encounters, author Byron Farwell notes the irony of referring to the period between the Battle of Waterloo and the start of World War I as Britain's "long peace." The individual wars he describes seemed to result from local military commanders pursuing action and glory as much as by direction from London. The officers were drawn nearly exclusively from the upper class of British society and many were following their fathers and grandfathers as members of the regiment in which they served. The image required was that of being both an officer and a gentleman. Promotions often came very slowly. As a result, competition was high and exceptional bravery in combat was the norm. These attributes led to officers being quite aggressive in dealing with local problems.
Many of the regiments described were drawn from colonial sources, but officered by Britons. The quality and reliability of these sources varied from the most competent to warm bodies whom the officers hoped to keep in the battle.
Farwell's research show a keen eye for good quotes in archived letters and diaries. He also writes many pungent lines on his own. He writes, The Chitralis were a cruel and charming people, treacherous and fun-loving." He quotes several officers on these people. One wrote, "They have a wonderful capacity for cold-blooded cruelty, yet none are kinder to children." Another observed, "It is impossible not to be taken with the Chiralis. Putting side their avarice ... their cruelty and treachery among themselves ... The people were bright, cheery, impervious to fatigue, splendid mountaineers." He pithily noted of the commander of the 21st Lancers, "The charge proved conclusively that his regiment was brave and that he was foolish." The unit was the one in which a young Winston Churchill fought in the Sudan.
The writing is concise, providing needed detail on combat, individuals, and terrain on each war, but doesn't natter on endlessly. There is gruesome detail in some of the accounts, but these were fierce, cross-racial conflicts that killed a lot of people. Mostly, the people killed were the locals, although the British officers were often lost. When British regiments were involved, they too often suffered heavy losses in some battles.
Farwell notes that many of thee conflicts went unnoticed by the people at home. The Indian Mutiny aroused interest, as did some of the fighting on the Northwest Frontier bordering Afghanistan. It was the Boer War, fought against other Europeans, the Dutch, that raised the greatest interest in Britain. This like many of the incidents, found the Brits unprepared and slow to start, but ultimately successful.
There is much of interest in this very enjoyable read. I wish to thank Goodreads' friend Jill Hutchinson for recommending the book. I, in turn, am happy to recommend it to others who are interested in military history and in the subject of past international relations.