An interesting view of the rise and fall of Hitler Germany through the eyes of what was still largely amateur tennis, and especially the tennis surrounding the Davis Cup. Gottfried von Cramm was a dashing, aristocratic and apparently bisexual star on the German tennis scene, growing to prominence during the cosmopolitan/decadent 1920's of Berlin (think Cabaret). The author contrasts von Cramm's life with two prominent US tennis players, one Bill Tilden (from a wealthy Philadelphia family) and Don Budge (from a poor family in Oakland).
In recounting the tennis careers of these three men, the author tries and largely succeeds in showing how the disastrous economic developments of the global depression--especially in a Germany struggling to pay the excessive reparations bill imposed on it by the Treaty of Versailles--led to the rise of Hitler and his emphasis on German superiority (think "master race") led to an increasingly exclusionary reality. First, of course, Hitler attacked all those who were Jewish (which included Germany's #2 tennis player and von Cramm's Davis cup partner, who was able to flee Germany and ultimately settled in the UK where he became a successful businessman)--here the author does I think a great job of the ambiguity of the initial steps taken, the agony many wealthy Jewish families had of staying with the hope that Hitler was more bark than bite, versus fleeing the country and starting pretty much all over (given increasingly harsh restrictions on taking property/money out of the country).
Secondly--and starting from the basis that the Nazis were originally quite ambivalent about homosexuality, given Ernst Roehm--Hitler's "right hand man since 1919 and the leader of the terror-mongering brownshirts, the SA, was known to be gay..." and given what the author recounts was a quite robust homosexual night club scene in especially Berlin--as also is delineated by the British author Christopher Isherwood from his personal experiences. In 1934, apparently in part as a political struggle between the SA (then with 300,000 members under Roehm's authority) and the growing German army, die Wehrmacht), Roehm was to his surprise arrested and executed. The author then recounts how the Nazis turned more and more explicitly against overt homosexuality. The promulgation of a law expressly prohibiting homosexual activity led, in the author's telling, to many "inconvenient" people being arrested and tried as homosexuals--implying a significant number may not have been but given false witnesses were nonetheless caught up in this. They were also against the aristocracy, who were blamed for Germany's defeat in WWI and who did not suffer (as much) as the working class Germans did from the economic collapse of the early 1920s.
The author quotes Sebastian Haffner, a young journalist who lived through these years in Germany, including the hyperinflation in 1923 which destroyed old wealth and created huge political instabilities. Haffner describes this period in Germany's development brilliantly: "No other nation has experienced anything comparable to the events of 1923 in Germany. All nations went through the Great War, and most of them also experienced revolutions, social crises, strikes, redistribution of wealth, and currency devaluations. None but Germany has undergone the fantastic, grotesque extreme of all these together; none has experienced the gigantic, carnival dance of death, the unending, bloody Saturnalia, in which not only money, but all standards lost their value."
He cites another contemporary, Alexandra Richie: "Now, for once, the young had money and the old did not. Moreover, its nature had changed. Its value lasted only a few hours. It was spent as never before or since; and not on the things old people spend their money on." The author elaborates: "No sexual thirst was left unquenched... As things grew increasingly dire Berlin threw itself into an orgy of dancing, drinking, pornography and prostitution with je m'en fous being the order of the day. The higher the prices rose the greater the abandon...."
During all this time, which coincided with his growing prominence as a superb tennis player, von Cramm also frequented the Berlin scene, and apparently became increasingly homosexual only, ultimately leading to the divorce from his wife and increasing reports of von Cramm being visited by young men. As long as von Cramm was winning, he was still being celebrated as the sign of German excellence in sport--but the author shows how the regime increasingly sought either to warn von Cramm away from such behavior (including a temporary lockup and interview) and to pressure him in effect to win his matches--at Wimbledon etc but especially in the Davis Cup--where frequently the German team went up against either the British (when Fred Perry was leading them) or the Americans. For von Cramm, this culminates in a thrilling Davis Cup final match against Don Budge.
The author analyzes both the development of Bill Tilden--considered by many to be the best tennis player of all time--and Don Budge--the son of a poor Oakland family who became a tennis player only because one of his brothers begins to play.
For Tilden, his hard discipline turns him into one of the greatest--even when he was unable to make his high school tennis team. Although Tilden was committed to retaining amateur status, he became increasingly aggressive in demanding first class hotels, travel and "reimbursements"--with an increasingly antagonistic relationship with the USLTA. Tilden too became increasingly public about his homosexuality--more darkly to the point where numerous complaints were lodged by young boys or their parents as to his behavior. Ultimately Tilden was jailed twice and is shown as a sad but still talented figure living from tennis match to tennis match.
But Budge is the real counterpart to von Cramm, as it is their matches against each other through the 1930s which provide the backdrop to the climactic match of the book. Certainly a simpler person than either von Cramm or Tilden, Budge develops into someone whose tennis attracts attention from the Hollywood set and growing admiration from the English--who in the author's recounting were originally taken by the aristocratic von Cramm.
Arguably the author tries to do too much in this book. However, in focusing on the lives of these three tennis players, he is able to show a nuanced reflection of the historical development of Germany, the USA and England which, while informed by "modern sensitivities" seems nonetheless intellectually honest in terms of what the context was back in the 1930s-1940s.
While the book drags in places, and while those not interested in tennis might find parts of it too detailed, I believe the contexts described and developed by the author will stay with the reader and help him/her/them understand not only what it was like "back then" but also how the developments at the base of an economy/society can have an effect on the elite at the top. Fisher notes that the elite may play tennis and drink champagne at a global standard, but political power ultimately comes from the developments in the underlying society.