"'I have nothing to offer you,' Icebones said, 'Nothing but truth and dignity.' The Ragged One snorted contempt, 'I cannot eat truth. I cannot drink dignity.'"
This final instalment in the epoch-spanning, ecologically ambitious, Mammoth series brings together the relationship between humans and our rare wild relatives on this earth into a fascinating and original tale of planetary colonisation from the point of view of the animals uprooted by man and brought to their salvation among the stars.
Icebones, the last vaginally born mammoth has been cryogenically frozen for a thousand years and awakes amid the wreckage of the abandoned human colony on Mars. "She rejoiced, for she was whole again, immersed in her body, and in the world. But it was not the world she had known." Disoriented and detached from the life she knew, Icebones is confronted by captive mammoths on the side of Olymus Mons, waiting in the barren shell of an abandoned zoo for their human masters to return. "'I never heard of mammoths without names, a Family that wasn't a Family, Cows without a Matriarch.'" Baxter captures the cultural destruction caused by uprooting animals from their natural herds, and, more fundamentally, from the land itself in the lack of identity of the mammoths Icebones meets, and her relative maturity compared to much older animals. "This untidy rabble rumbled over the ground as if the others did not exist, or matter." The writing shows infinite respect for animal culture.
Although these are not quite mammoths. Spindle-legged, gangly, and beautified, these mammoths are the hybrids with African elephants, a new kind of animal devoid of culture heritage. Born from artificial wombs like the dystopian lab at the beginning of A Brave New World. Among them is the Ragged One, the last African elephant, true-born as Icebones and viciously resentful that her kind are now lost. "'Gone. Dead. I am alone. I am not like the others.'" Despite this understanding, perhaps because of it, the Ragged One opposes herself to Icebones and desperately calls back the human presence to Mars. "Only the Ragged One seemed to understand that the world had not always been the same as this - that there were other ways for mammoths to live." But the same coincidental kindness that freed Icebones from cryogenic freezing has left the mammoths untouched. Free and ignorant.
Here the mammoths have a chance to live "'until the sun itself grows cold.'"
Icebones' greatest adversary is not rival animals, but the planet itself. The deep, geological sensations experienced by the mammoths give Mars a character "And so she listened, with every aspect of her being, to the deep sounds, the songs of the earth. And gradually she built up an image, in sounds and echoes, of the spinning rocky ball to which she clung." It is stark and brooding and beyond comprehension. This "small, round, hard - and strange" planet is passively hostile to life, "a small, swollen, battered place, born in unimaginable violence, bruised by ancient blows from which it had never healed." At other times, Mars seems horrifically sentient to Icebones. "The Mountain thrust out of the belly of this world, as if some monstrous planetary calf was struggling to be born." The scale of the landscape, from Olymus Mons to the Noctis Labyrinthus and the Velles Marinaris is vast and sharp. "This was a walled world." The terrain heaps challenges on Icebones which are all the more difficult for having no context in her past, for being new experiences that she did not ask for or anticipate. "a new impossible unreality in this unreal world." This sense that the planet itself repels and frightens the animals humans have brought to colonise it, the sheer lack of consent in this migration, is incredibly thought-provoking. "The cliff was a wall that cut the sky in half, and it was oppressive, crushing: like a wall of time, she thought, separating her from her family" We might need animals to help terraform a new planet, but how does this fit into our current understanding of ethics?
"The Lost are powerful. But the making of a world will always be beyond them."
The mammoths cross the face of the planet under Icebones' leadership. "Wisdom must be earned through pain and loss. That was what the mammoths were struggling to learn." The constant breaking of new terrain drains her. "Who am I to inflict such pain on these loyal, patient, suffering mammoths? How do I know that this is right?" Like a climber facing K2, Icebones suffers an existential delirium, heightened by her lack of conscious choice in being relocated here. "She was living thoughts, just a concoction of memories and dreams, with no more life than the bones of the reconstructed mammoth on the Fire Mountain." Her confusion in this hallucinatory landscape heightens her humanity, and makes Baxter's Mars more real as it becomes more strange. "Sometimes these waking dreams were so vivid that she wondered if this time of redness and desolation was the recollection." Icebones is deeply uncomfortable in a world where every flat surface is scoured rock, the air tastes of metal, see six-sided skeletons embedded in the rock around her, and storms the size of continents batter against the meagre shield of her flesh. There is a human-like wonder, but drowning under a deluge of primordial, insular, fear.
"She felt a surge of wonder. Despite the noise, her pain, the imminent danger, despite the rock's shuddering, she longed to know where that ancient animal had been going - what it had wanted, how it had died."
But Icebones, with her intimate understanding of how to communicate with the land, finds her way to the Hellas crated where the last of Mars' terraformed air has drained. She meets ancient extinct evolutionary cousins reborn in the clinical void of human kindness, and genetically engineered creatures modelled after her by laboratory natural selection to terraform the barren landscape. "'You do not understand,' Cold-As-Sky said bleakly, 'It was our destiny to die. To make this world, and then die away, leaving it for you.'" Each is an equal in life to Icebones. She sees their creation as a frightening act of power, their conservation here on Mars without a continuous genetic heritage as a deeply ambiguous gift. "'If it was love, they loved us too much.'" But with the ultimate grace of a born survivor, she calls them all to Hellas, the Footprint of her great ancestor Kilukpuk, where there is air to breath and water to drink. Because anything else, to Icebones, would be to presume and dare too much.
I have never thought so much about the purpose and ultimate aim of animal conservation, and especially how we treat extinct animals and critically endangered animals in the light of modern technology. A really philosophical book where the animals are more human than the humans.
"'Theirs was just a brief moment of pain and change and death - but in that moment they gave us a new world.'"